RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Intracranial Applications of MR Imaging–Guided Focused Ultrasound
JF American Journal of Neuroradiology
JO Am. J. Neuroradiol.
FD American Society of Neuroradiology
SP 426
OP 431
DO 10.3174/ajnr.A4902
VO 38
IS 3
A1 N. Khanna
A1 D. Gandhi
A1 A. Steven
A1 V. Frenkel
A1 E.R. Melhem
YR 2017
UL http://www.ajnr.org/content/38/3/426.abstract
AB SUMMARY: Initially used in the treatment of prostate cancer and uterine fibroids, the role of focused ultrasound has expanded as transcranial acoustic wave distortion and other limitations have been overcome. Its utility relies on focal energy deposition via acoustic wave propagation. The duty cycle and intensity of focused ultrasound influence the rate of energy deposition and result in unique physiologic and biomechanical effects. Thermal ablation via high-intensity continuous exposure generates coagulative necrosis of tissues. High-intensity, pulsed application reduces temporally averaged energy deposition, resulting in mechanical effects, including reversible, localized BBB disruption, which enhances neurotherapeutic agent delivery. While the precise mechanisms remain unclear, low-intensity, pulsed exposures can influence neuronal activity with preservation of cytoarchitecture. Its noninvasive nature, high-resolution, radiation-free features allow focused ultrasound to compare favorably with other modalities. We discuss the physical characteristics of focused ultrasound devices, the biophysical mechanisms at the tissue level, and current and emerging applications.FUSfocused ultrasoundMRgFUSMR imaging–guided focused ultrasoundTMZtemozolomide