PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - J Ahmadi
AU  - J S Teal
AU  - H D Segall
AU  - C S Zee
AU  - J S Han
AU  - T S Becker
TI  - Computed tomography of carotid-cavernous fistula.
DP  - 1983 Mar 01
TA  - American Journal of Neuroradiology
PG  - 131--136
VI  - 4
IP  - 2
4099  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/4/2/131.short
4100  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/4/2/131.full
SO  - Am. J. Neuroradiol.1983 Mar 01; 4
AB  - Fourteen patients with angiographically-proven carotid-cavernous fistulas were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). Unilateral or bilateral exophthalmos was noted in 12 patients. Slight blurring of the margin of the globe was present in two, presumably due to pulsations of the globe or conjunctival edema. Superior ophthalmic veins were prominent in 12 patients and were often larger on the side of the fistula. Irregularity or absence of contrast enhancement of the superior ophthalmic vein may indicate partial or complete thrombosis. Focal bulging or diffuse distention of the cavernous sinus was noted in nine patients. Enlargement of the extraocular muscles was observed in seven with swelling of the eyelids and edema of the conjunctiva in eight patients. The pattern of venous drainage, type of fistula, and time intervals between trauma, commencement of fistula, and CT scan may affect the CT manifestations of carotid-cavernous fistulas.