PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - J F Norfray AU - N L Chiaradonna AU - W J Heiser AU - S H Song AU - B V Manyam AU - A B Devleschoward AU - L M Eastwood TI - Brain iron in patients with Parkinson disease: MR visualization using gradient modification. DP - 1988 Mar 01 TA - American Journal of Neuroradiology PG - 237--240 VI - 9 IP - 2 4099 - http://www.ajnr.org/content/9/2/237.short 4100 - http://www.ajnr.org/content/9/2/237.full SO - Am. J. Neuroradiol.1988 Mar 01; 9 AB - In patients with Parkinson disease, improved visualization of brain iron on a mid-field-strength magnet can be obtained with T2-weighted images and elimination of phase-encoding artifacts. A long echo delay time accentuates the loss of signal from brain iron. However, the long pulse sequence creates phase-encoding artifacts from CSF pulsations at the level of the basal ganglia. These artifacts are eliminated and resolving power increased with additional pulsing in the slice-selective and read gradients. Elimination of motion artifacts enhances visualization of brain iron in three ways: (1) extrapyramidal nuclei containing iron have better definition, (2) abnormalities are better identified, and (3) pseudolesions disappear. Our findings suggest there is significant improvement in the resolving power of brain iron on MR scans made with a mid-field-strength scanner when gradient modification is used.