RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 High-Resolution In Utero 3D MR Imaging of Inner Ear Microstructures in Fetal Sheep JF American Journal of Neuroradiology JO Am. J. Neuroradiol. FD American Society of Neuroradiology DO 10.3174/ajnr.A2736 A1 J.-H. Buhk A1 M. Frisch A1 J. Yamamura A1 J. Graessner A1 G. Adam A1 U. Wedegärtner YR 2011 UL http://www.ajnr.org/content/early/2011/10/27/ajnr.A2736.abstract AB BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Developmental inner ear abnormalities can occur due to embryopathies as well as in the context of syndromal diseases like the CHARGE association. In severe cases, an early and definite in utero diagnosis is important for decision-making; here, fetal MR imaging can be a helpful tool. We present results of performing high-resolution MR imaging of the inner ear structures of fetal sheep in vivo. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Six ewes carrying singleton fetuses (mean gestational age, 120 days) were examined under general anesthesia at 1.5T. A 3D true FISP sequence with isotropic voxel size (0.7 mm) was applied; acquisition time was 2:35 minutes. For a standard of reference, 1 stillborn lamb of equivalent gestation age was examined. Image analysis was performed in consensus by 2 radiologists regarding the depiction of anatomic landmarks on a 5-point scale. Motion artifacts were quantified on a 3-point scale. RESULTS: The turns and modiolus of the cochlea as well as the origins of all 3 semicircular canals of the vestibular system of both sides could be reliably identified in every animal. Motion artifacts due to maternal breathing excursions or movements of the fetus were minimal. In case of breech presentation, the ventilation of the ewe had to be paused during the image acquisition to achieve acceptable results. CONCLUSIONS: High-resolution intrauterine MR imaging of the inner ear microstructures in an animal model is feasible. However, the acquisition time of the sequence applied is still too long to perform such measurement in a clinical setting.