RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Motion-Compensation Techniques in Neonatal and Fetal MR Imaging
JF American Journal of Neuroradiology
JO Am. J. Neuroradiol.
FD American Society of Neuroradiology
DO 10.3174/ajnr.A3128
A1 C. Malamateniou
A1 S.J. Malik
A1 S.J. Counsell
A1 J.M. Allsop
A1 A.K. McGuinness
A1 T. Hayat
A1 K. Broadhouse
A1 R.G. Nunes
A1 A.M. Ederies
A1 J.V. Hajnal
A1 M.A. Rutherford
YR 2012
UL http://www.ajnr.org/content/early/2012/05/10/ajnr.A3128.abstract
AB SUMMARY: Fetal and neonatal MR imaging is increasingly used as a complementary diagnostic tool to sonography. MR imaging is an ideal technique for imaging fetuses and neonates because of the absence of ionizing radiation, the superior contrast of soft tissues compared with sonography, the availability of different contrast options, and the increased FOV. Motion in the normally mobile fetus and the unsettled, sleeping, or sedated neonate during a long acquisition will decrease image quality in the form of motion artifacts, hamper image interpretation, and often necessitate a repeat MR imaging to establish a diagnosis. This article reviews current techniques of motion compensation in fetal and neonatal MR imaging, including the following: 1) motion-prevention strategies (such as adequate patient preparation, patient coaching, and sedation, when required), 2) motion-artifacts minimization methods (such as fast imaging protocols, data undersampling, and motion-resistant sequences), and 3) motion-detection/correction schemes (such as navigators and self-navigated sequences, external motion-tracking devices, and postprocessing approaches) and their application in fetal and neonatal brain MR imaging. Additionally some background on the repertoire of motion of the fetal and neonatal patient and the resulting artifacts will be presented, as well as insights into future developments and emerging techniques of motion compensation. Abbreviations bFFEbalanced fast-field echoFLASHfast low-angle shotGROreadout gradientNSAnumber of signal averagesPROPELLERperiodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstructionRFradio-frequency