RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 CNS–Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in the Setting of HIV Infection, Part 2: Discussion of Neuro–Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome with and without Other Pathogens
JF American Journal of Neuroradiology
JO Am. J. Neuroradiol.
FD American Society of Neuroradiology
DO 10.3174/ajnr.A3184
A1 M.J.D. Post
A1 M.M. Thurnher
A1 D.B. Clifford
A1 A. Nath
A1 R.G. Gonzalez
A1 R.K. Gupta
A1 K.K. Post
YR 2012
UL http://www.ajnr.org/content/early/2012/07/12/ajnr.A3184.abstract
AB SUMMARY: While the previous review of CNS-IRIS in the HIV-infected patient on highly active antiretroviral therapy (Part 1) dealt with an overview of the biology, pathology, and neurologic presentation of this condition and a discussion of the atypical imaging findings in PML-IRIS and cryptococcal meningitis–IRIS due to the robust inflammatory response, the current review (Part 2) discusses the imaging findings in other commonly encountered organisms seen in association with CNS-IRIS, namely, VZV, CMV, HIV, Candida organisms, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Toxoplasma gondii. Also described is the imaging appearance of CNS-IRIS when not associated with a particular organism. Recognition of these imaging findings will give credence to the diagnosis of CNS-IRIS and will allow the clinician to institute changes in medical management, if necessary, so that immune reconstitution and improved patient outcome can occur with time. Abbreviations CMVcytomegalovirusHAARThighly active antiretroviral therapyHIVEHIV encephalitisIgGimmunoglobulin GIRISimmune reconstitution inflammatory syndromeMACMycobacterium avium complexPCRpolymerase chain reactionPMLprogressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyTBtuberculosisVZVVaricella zoster