@article {Cho, author = {Y.W. Cho and J.S. McDonald and A.E. Rad and J.J. Ocel and D.F. Kallmes}, title = {Is Severe Pain Immediately after Spinal Augmentation a Predictor of Long-Term Outcomes?}, year = {2013}, doi = {10.3174/ajnr.A3505}, publisher = {American Journal of Neuroradiology}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Severe, immediate postprocedural pain and the need for analgesics after vertebroplasty can be a discouraging experience for patients and caregivers. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the presence of severe pain immediately after vertebroplasty predicts short- and long-term pain relief. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A chart review was performed to categorize patients regarding pain severity and analgesic usage immediately after vertebroplasty (\< 4 h). {\textquotedblleft}Severe{\textquotedblright} pain was defined as at least 8 of 10 with the 10-point VAS. Outcomes were pain severity and pain medication score and usage at 1 month and 1 year after vertebroplasty. Outcomes and clinical characteristics were compared between groups by using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Of the 429 vertebroplasty procedures identified, 69 (16\%) were associated with severe pain, and 133 (31\%) were associated with analgesic administration immediately after the procedure. The group experiencing severe pain had higher preprocedure median VAS rest pain scores (5 [IQR, 2{\textendash}7]) and activity pain scores (10 [IQR, 8{\textendash}10]) compared with patients who did not experience severe pain (3 [IQR, 1{\textendash}6]; P = .0208, and 8 [IQR, 7{\textendash}10]; P = .0263, respectively). At 1 month postprocedure, VAS rest and activity pain scores were similar between the severe pain group and the nonsevere pain group (P = .16 and P = .25, respectively) and between the group receiving pain medication and the group not receiving pain medication (P = .25 and P = .67, respectively). This similarity continued for 1 year after the procedure. Analgesic usage was similar among all groups at 1 year postprocedure. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with severe pain immediately after vertebroplasty have similar long-term outcomes compared with patients without severe pain. Abbreviations IQRinterquartile rangeVASvisual analog scale}, issn = {0195-6108}, URL = {https://www.ajnr.org/content/early/2013/04/18/ajnr.A3505}, eprint = {https://www.ajnr.org/content/early/2013/04/18/ajnr.A3505.full.pdf}, journal = {American Journal of Neuroradiology} }