RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 4D Digital Subtraction Angiography: Implementation and Demonstration of Feasibility
JF American Journal of Neuroradiology
JO Am. J. Neuroradiol.
FD American Society of Neuroradiology
DO 10.3174/ajnr.A3529
A1 B. Davis
A1 K. Royalty
A1 M. Kowarschik
A1 C. Rohkohl
A1 E. Oberstar
A1 B. Aagaard-Kienitz
A1 D. Niemann
A1 O. Ozkan
A1 C. Strother
A1 C. Mistretta
YR 2013
UL http://www.ajnr.org/content/early/2013/04/25/ajnr.A3529.abstract
AB BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Conventional 3D-DSA volumes are reconstructed from a series of projections containing temporal information. It was our purpose to develop a technique which would generate fully time-resolved 3D-DSA vascular volumes having better spatial and temporal resolution than that which is available with CT or MR angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After a single contrast injection, projections from the mask and fill rotation are subtracted to create a series of vascular projections. With the use of these projections, a conventional conebeam CT reconstruction is generated (conventional 3D-DSA). This is used to constrain the reconstruction of individual 3D temporal volumes, which incorporate temporal information from the acquired projections (4D-DSA). RESULTS: Typically, 30 temporal volumes per second are generated with the use of currently available flat detector systems, a factor of ∼200 increase over that achievable with the use of multiple gantry rotations. Dynamic displays of the reconstructed volumes are viewable from any angle. Good results have been obtained by using both intra-arterial and intravenous injections. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to generate time-resolved 3D-DSA vascular volumes with the use of commercially available flat detector angiographic systems and clinically practical injection protocols. The spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of the time frames are largely determined by that of the conventional 3D-DSA constraining image and not by that of the projections used to generate the 3D reconstruction. The spatial resolution and temporal resolution exceed that of CTA and MRA, and the small vessel contrast is increased relative to that of conventional 2D-DSA due to the use of maximum intensity projections. Abbreviations IIimage intensifierIAintra-arterialTOAtime of arrival