RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Current and Emerging MR Imaging Techniques for the Diagnosis and Management of CSF Flow Disorders: A Review of Phase-Contrast and Time–Spatial Labeling Inversion Pulse
JF American Journal of Neuroradiology
JO Am. J. Neuroradiol.
FD American Society of Neuroradiology
DO 10.3174/ajnr.A4030
A1 S. Yamada
A1 K. Tsuchiya
A1 W.G. Bradley
A1 M. Law
A1 M.L. Winkler
A1 M.T. Borzage
A1 M. Miyazaki
A1 E.J. Kelly
A1 J.G. McComb
YR 2014
UL http://www.ajnr.org/content/early/2014/07/10/ajnr.A4030.abstract
AB SUMMARY: This article provides an overview of phase-contrast and time–spatial labeling inversion pulse MR imaging techniques to assess CSF movement in the CNS under normal and pathophysiologic situations. Phase-contrast can quantitatively measure stroke volume in selected regions, notably the aqueduct of Sylvius, synchronized to the heartbeat. Judicious fine-tuning of the technique is needed to achieve maximal temporal resolution, and it has limited visualization of CSF motion in many CNS regions. Phase-contrast is frequently used to evaluate those patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus and a Chiari I malformation. Correlation with successful treatment outcome has been problematic. Time–spatial labeling inversion pulse, with a high signal-to-noise ratio, assesses linear and turbulent motion of CSF anywhere in the CNS. Time–spatial labeling inversion pulse can qualitatively visualize whether CSF flows between 2 compartments and determine whether there is flow through the aqueduct of Sylvius or a new surgically created stoma. Cine images reveal CSF linear and turbulent flow patterns. Abbreviations CSPcavum septi pellucidiNPHnormal pressure hydrocephalusPCphase-contrastTime-SLIPtime–spatial labeling inversion pulseVencvelocity-encoding value