TY - JOUR T1 - Current and Emerging MR Imaging Techniques for the Diagnosis and Management of CSF Flow Disorders: A Review of Phase-Contrast and Time–Spatial Labeling Inversion Pulse JF - American Journal of Neuroradiology JO - Am. J. Neuroradiol. DO - 10.3174/ajnr.A4030 AU - S. Yamada AU - K. Tsuchiya AU - W.G. Bradley AU - M. Law AU - M.L. Winkler AU - M.T. Borzage AU - M. Miyazaki AU - E.J. Kelly AU - J.G. McComb Y1 - 2014/07/10 UR - http://www.ajnr.org/content/early/2014/07/10/ajnr.A4030.abstract N2 - SUMMARY: This article provides an overview of phase-contrast and time–spatial labeling inversion pulse MR imaging techniques to assess CSF movement in the CNS under normal and pathophysiologic situations. Phase-contrast can quantitatively measure stroke volume in selected regions, notably the aqueduct of Sylvius, synchronized to the heartbeat. Judicious fine-tuning of the technique is needed to achieve maximal temporal resolution, and it has limited visualization of CSF motion in many CNS regions. Phase-contrast is frequently used to evaluate those patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus and a Chiari I malformation. Correlation with successful treatment outcome has been problematic. Time–spatial labeling inversion pulse, with a high signal-to-noise ratio, assesses linear and turbulent motion of CSF anywhere in the CNS. Time–spatial labeling inversion pulse can qualitatively visualize whether CSF flows between 2 compartments and determine whether there is flow through the aqueduct of Sylvius or a new surgically created stoma. Cine images reveal CSF linear and turbulent flow patterns. Abbreviations CSPcavum septi pellucidiNPHnormal pressure hydrocephalusPCphase-contrastTime-SLIPtime–spatial labeling inversion pulseVencvelocity-encoding value ER -