RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Time for a Time Window Extension: Insights from Late Presenters in the ESCAPE Trial JF American Journal of Neuroradiology JO Am. J. Neuroradiol. FD American Society of Neuroradiology SP 102 OP 106 DO 10.3174/ajnr.A5462 VO 39 IS 1 A1 J.W. Evans A1 B.R. Graham A1 P. Pordeli A1 F.S. Al-Ajlan A1 R. Willinsky A1 W.J. Montanera A1 J.L. Rempel A1 A. Shuaib A1 P. Brennan A1 D. Williams A1 D. Roy A1 A.Y. Poppe A1 T.G. Jovin A1 T. Devlin A1 B.W. Baxter A1 T. Krings A1 F.L. Silver A1 D.F. Frei A1 C. Fanale A1 D. Tampieri A1 J. Teitelbaum A1 D. Iancu A1 J. Shankar A1 P.A. Barber A1 A.M. Demchuk A1 M. Goyal A1 M.D. Hill A1 B.K. Menon A1 , YR 2018 UL http://www.ajnr.org/content/39/1/102.abstract AB BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The safety and efficacy of endovascular therapy for large-artery stroke in the extended time window is not yet well-established. We performed a subgroup analysis on subjects enrolled within an extended time window in the Endovascular Treatment for Small Core and Proximal Occlusion Ischemic Stroke (ESCAPE) trial.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-nine of 315 subjects (33 in the intervention group and 26 in the control group) were randomized in the ESCAPE trial between 5.5 and 12 hours after last seen healthy (likely to have groin puncture administered 6 hours after that). Treatment effect sizes for all relevant outcomes (90-day mRS shift, mRS 0–2, mRS 0–1, and 24-hour NIHSS scores and intracerebral hemorrhage) were reported using unadjusted and adjusted analyses.RESULTS: There was no evidence of treatment heterogeneity between subjects in the early and late windows. Treatment effect favoring intervention was seen across all clinical outcomes in the extended time window (absolute risk difference of 19.3% for mRS 0–2 at 90 days). There were more asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage events within the intervention arm (48.5% versus 11.5%, P = .004) but no difference in symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with an extended time window could potentially benefit from endovascular treatment. Ongoing randomized controlled trials using imaging to identify late presenters with favorable brain physiology will help cement the paradigm of using time windows to select the population for acute imaging and imaging to select individual patients for therapy.ICHintracerebral hemorrhage