TY - JOUR T1 - Human Parechovirus Meningoencephalitis: Neuroimaging in the Era of Polymerase Chain Reaction–Based Testing JF - American Journal of Neuroradiology JO - Am. J. Neuroradiol. DO - 10.3174/ajnr.A6118 AU - A. Sarma AU - E. Hanzlik AU - R. Krishnasarma AU - L. Pagano AU - S. Pruthi Y1 - 2019/07/04 UR - http://www.ajnr.org/content/early/2019/06/27/ajnr.A6118.abstract N2 - SUMMARY: Human parechovirus infection is an increasingly recognized cause of neonatal meningoencephalitis. We describe characteristic clinical features and brain MR imaging abnormalities of human parechovirus meningoencephalitis in 6 infants. When corroborated by increasingly available polymerase chain reaction–based testing of the CSF, the distinctive MR imaging appearance may yield a specific diagnosis that obviates costly and time-consuming further clinical evaluation. In our study, infants with human parechovirus presented in the first 35 days of life with seizures, irritability, and sepsis. MR imaging consistently demonstrated low diffusivity within the thalami, corpus callosum, and subcortical white matter with a frontoparietal predominance. T1 and T2 shortening connoting white matter injury along the deep medullary veins suggests venous ischemia as an alternative potential pathogenetic mechanism to direct neuroaxonal injury.HPeVhuman parechovirusPCRpolymerase chain reaction ER -