PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Y. Koksel
AU  - A.M. McKinney
TI  - Potentially Reversible and Recognizable Acute Encephalopathic Syndromes: Disease Categorization and MRI Appearances
AID  - 10.3174/ajnr.A6634
DP  - 2020 Aug 01
TA  - American Journal of Neuroradiology
PG  - 1328--1338
VI  - 41
IP  - 8
4099  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/41/8/1328.short
4100  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/41/8/1328.full
SO  - Am. J. Neuroradiol.2020 Aug 01; 41
AB  - SUMMARY: “Encephalopathy” is a vague term that encompasses varying definitions, often with a nonspecific clinical presentation and numerous possible pathophysiologic causes. Hence, MR imaging plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis and treatment by identifying imaging patterns when there is limited clinical history in such patients with acute encephalopathy. The aim of this review was to aid in remembrance of etiologies of potentially reversible acute encephalopathic syndromes on MR imaging. The differential includes vascular (reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, transient global amnesia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and thrombotic microangiopathy), infection (meningitis, encephalitis), toxic (posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, acute toxic leukoencephalopathy; carbon monoxide, alcohol-related, medication- and illicit drug-related toxic encephalopathies), autoimmune, metabolic (osmotic demyelination syndrome, uremic, acute hepatic encephalopathy), idiopathic/inflammatory (stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy syndrome), neoplasm-related encephalopathy, and seizure-related encephalopathy.AHEacute hepatic encephalopathyATLacute toxic leukoencephalopathyHIEhypoxic-ischemic encephalopathyODSosmotic demyelination syndromePRAESpotentially reversible acute encephalopathy syndromePRESposterior reversible encephalopathy syndromePVWMperiventricular white matterRCVSreversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromeREACTreversible acute cerebellar toxicityRSLreversible splenial lesionsSMARTstroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapyTMAthrombotic microangiopathyCOcarbon monoxide