TY - JOUR T1 - Neuroimaging Advances in Deep Brain Stimulation: Review of Indications, Anatomy, and Brain Connectomics JF - American Journal of Neuroradiology JO - Am. J. Neuroradiol. DO - 10.3174/ajnr.A6693 AU - E.H. Middlebrooks AU - R.A. Domingo AU - T. Vivas-Buitrago AU - L. Okromelidze AU - T. Tsuboi AU - J.K. Wong AU - R.S. Eisinger AU - L. Almeida AU - M.R. Burns AU - A. Horn AU - R.J. Uitti AU - R.E. Wharen, Jr AU - V.M. Holanda AU - S.S. Grewal Y1 - 2020/08/13 UR - http://www.ajnr.org/content/early/2020/08/13/ajnr.A6693.abstract N2 - SUMMARY: Deep brain stimulation is an established therapy for multiple brain disorders, with rapidly expanding potential indications. Neuroimaging has advanced the field of deep brain stimulation through improvements in delineation of anatomy, and, more recently, application of brain connectomics. Older lesion-derived, localizationist theories of these conditions have evolved to newer, network-based “circuitopathies,” aided by the ability to directly assess these brain circuits in vivo through the use of advanced neuroimaging techniques, such as diffusion tractography and fMRI. In this review, we use a combination of ultra-high-field MR imaging and diffusion tractography to highlight relevant anatomy for the currently approved indications for deep brain stimulation in the United States: essential tremor, Parkinson disease, drug-resistant epilepsy, dystonia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. We also review the literature regarding the use of fMRI and diffusion tractography in understanding the role of deep brain stimulation in these disorders, as well as their potential use in both surgical targeting and device programming.ALansa lenticularisALICanterior limb of the internal capsuleANTanterior nucleus of the thalamusASansa subthalamicaATRanterior thalamic radiationsDBSdeep brain stimulationDRTTdentatorubrothalamic tractETessential tremorFGATIRfast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recoveryFLfasciculus lenticularisFSfasciculus subthalamicusGPeglobus pallidus externusGPiglobus pallidus internusMFBmedial forebrain bundleMMTmammillothalamic tractOCDobsessive-compulsive disorderPDParkinson diseaseslMFBsuperolateral branch of the medial forebrain bundleSTNsubthalamicTFthalamic fasciculusVIMventral intermedius nucleusVOventralis oralisZIzona incerta ER -