RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Nonlesional Sources of Contrast Enhancement on Postgadolinium “Black-Blood” 3D T1-SPACE Images in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
JF American Journal of Neuroradiology
JO Am. J. Neuroradiol.
FD American Society of Neuroradiology
SP 872
OP 880
DO 10.3174/ajnr.A7529
VO 43
IS 6
A1 L. Danieli
A1 L. Roccatagliata
A1 D. Distefano
A1 E. Prodi
A1 G.C. Riccitelli
A1 A. Diociasi
A1 L. Carmisciano
A1 A. Cianfoni
A1 T. Bartalena
A1 A. Kaelin-Lang
A1 C. Gobbi
A1 C. Zecca
A1 E. Pravatà
YR 2022
UL http://www.ajnr.org/content/43/6/872.abstract
AB BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We hypothesized that 3D T1-TSE “black-blood” images may carry an increased risk of contrast-enhancing lesion misdiagnosis in patients with MS because of the misinterpretation of intraparenchymal vein enhancement. Thus, the occurrence of true-positive and false-positive findings was compared between standard MPRAGE and volumetric interpolated brain examination techniques.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip-angle evolution (SPACE) images obtained from 232 patients with MS, clinically isolated syndrome, or radiologically isolated syndrome were compared with standard MPRAGE and volumetric interpolated brain examination images. The intraparenchymal vein contrast-to-noise ratio was estimated at the level of the thalami. Contrast-enhancing lesions were blindly detected by 2 expert readers and 1 beginner reader. True- and false-positives were determined by senior readers' consensus. True-positive and false-positive frequency differences and patient-level diagnosis probability were tested with the McNemar test and OR. The contrast-to-noise ratio and morphology were compared using the Mann-Whitney U and χ2 tests.RESULTS: The intraparenchymal vein contrast-to-noise ratio was higher in SPACE than in MPRAGE and volumetric interpolated brain examination images (P < .001, both). There were 66 true-positives and 74 false-positives overall. SPACE detected more true-positive and false-positive results (P range < .001–.07) but did not increase the patient's true-positive likelihood (OR = 1 1.29, P = .478–1). However, the false-positive likelihood was increased (OR = 3.03–3.55, P = .008–.027). Venous-origin false-positives (n = 59) with contrast-to-noise ratio and morphology features similar to small-sized (≤14 mm3 P = .544) true-positives occurred more frequently in SPACE images (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS: Small intraparenchymal veins may confound the diagnosis of enhancing lesions on postgadolinium black-blood SPACE images.BRbeginner readerCELcontrast-enhancing lesionCNRcontrast-to-noise ratioERexperienced readerFPfalse positiveiVintraparenchymal veinLw-FDRlesion-wise false discovery rateSPACEsampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip-angle evolutionTPtrue positivevFPvenous-origin FPVIBEvolumetric interpolated brain examination