TY - JOUR T1 - The Triple Rule-Out for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Imaging the Brain, Carotid Arteries, Aorta, and Heart JF - American Journal of Neuroradiology JO - Am. J. Neuroradiol. SP - 1290 LP - 1296 DO - 10.3174/ajnr.A2075 VL - 31 IS - 7 AU - A.D. Furtado AU - D.D. Adraktas AU - N. Brasic AU - S.-C. Cheng AU - K. Ordovas AU - W.S. Smith AU - M.R. Lewin AU - K. Chun AU - J.D. Chien AU - S. Schaeffer AU - M. Wintermark Y1 - 2010/08/01 UR - http://www.ajnr.org/content/31/7/1290.abstract N2 - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ischemic stroke is commonly embolic, either from carotid atherosclerosis or from cardiac origin. These potential sources of emboli need to be investigated to accurately prescribe secondary stroke prevention. Moreover, the mortality in ischemic stroke patients due to ischemic heart disease is greater than that of age-matched controls, thus making evaluation for coronary artery disease important in this patient population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the image quality of a comprehensive CTA protocol in patients with acute stroke that expands the standard CTA coverage to include all 4 chambers of the heart and the coronary arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty patients consecutively admitted to the emergency department with suspected cerebrovascular ischemia undergoing standard-of-care CTA were prospectively enrolled in our study. We used an original tailored acquisition protocol using a 64-section CT scanner, consisting of a dual-phase intravenous injection of iodinated contrast and saline flush, in conjunction with a dual-phase CT acquisition, ascending from the top of the aortic arch to the vertex of the head, then descending from the top of the aortic arch to the diaphragm. No beta blockers were administered. The image quality, attenuation, and CNRs of the carotid, aortic, vertebral, and coronary arteries were assessed. RESULTS: Carotid, aorta, and vertebral artery image quality was 100% diagnostic (rated good or excellent) in all patients. Coronary artery image quality was diagnostic in 58% of RCA segments, 73% of LAD segments, and 63% of LCX segments. When we considered proximal segments only, the diagnostic quality rose to 71% in the RCA, 83% in the LAD, and 74% in the LCX. CONCLUSIONS: Our stroke protocol achieved excellent opacification of the left heart chambers, the cervical arteries, and each coronary artery, in addition to adequate carotid and coronary artery image quality. APanteroposteriorBMIbody mass indexCABGcoronary artery bypass graftCCAcommon carotid arteryCNRcontrast-to-noise ratioCTACT angiographyCTDICT dose indexECGelectrocardiogramEDemergency departmentDLPdose-length product1st Diagfirst diagonal branchHUHounsfield unitICAinternal carotid arteryLADleft anterior descending coronary arteryLAVposterolateral branch originating from the left coronary arteryLCXleft circumflex coronary arteryLMleft main coronary arteryOMobtuse marginal branchPDAposterior descending arteryRCAright coronary arteryRAVposterolateral branch originating from the right coronary arteryR-R intervaltime between 2 successive R wavessecsecondsTEEtransesophageal echocardiography ER -