Treatment of CCFs with covered stents and 6-month and 1-year follow-up
| Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | Case 4 | Case 5 | Case 6 | Case 7 | Case 8 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex/age | M/31y | M/23y | F/71y | F/45y | F/15y | M/31y | M/29y | M/35y |
| Indication | Ocular symptoms | Ocular symptoms | Ocular symptoms | Ocular symptoms | Ocular symptoms and venous drainage in the subarachnoid cerebral veins | Large dilation of the basilar venous plexus with compression of the midbrain requiring urgent treatment | Ocular symptoms | Recent worsening of ocular symptoms |
| Time between trauma and treatment | 2 months | 1 month | 7 months | 1 month | 1 month | 1 day | 11 days | 20 years |
| Location of the fistula* | 3 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3,4,5 | 5 | 5 |
| U.P. | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Stent size | 4/26 mm | 4/19 mm | 4/16 mm | 4.5/19 mm | 4/19 mm | 4/19 and 4/16 mm | 4.5/26 mm | 4.5/26 mm |
| Outcome | Complete occlusion of the CCF without complications | Complete occlusion of the CCF without complications. On day 2 angiography, a residual fistula was treated with a 5-mm angioplasty balloon | Complete occlusion of the CCF without complications | Complete occlusion of the CCF without complications | Complete occlusion of the CCF without complications | Complete occlusion of the CCF without complications related to the procedure | Near-complete occlusion of the CCF without complications | Near-complete occlusion of the CCF without complications. On day 2 angiography, a residual fistula was treated with a 5-mm angioplasty balloon |
| 6-month follow-up | Asymptomatic ICA occlusion | Good ICA patency | Good ICA patency | Good ICA patency | Intimal hyperplasia (30% stenosis) | Not available for follow-up because of death from multiorgan failure | (2 months) Persistence of the CCF that required transvenous coil occlusion of the cavernous sinus | (3 months) Moderate persistence of the CCF with regression of the ocular symptoms |
| 1-year follow-up | Stable result | Stable result | Stable result | Stable result | Stable result | NA | NA | NA |
* According to Debrun ICA segmentation.44
Note:—y indicates years; U.P., unsuccessful procedures; ICA, internal carotid artery; AV, arteriovenous; NA, not available.