Whole-brain histogram analysis of the ADC and MTR maps and SIENAX results in the three groups of subjects
| CEC (n = 10) | CD (n = 8) | Healthy Subjects (n = 17) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADC (× 10−3 mm2/s) | |||
| 25th Percentile | 0.75 ± 0.02* | 0.69 ± 0.04 | 0.72 ± 0.02 |
| 50th Percentile | 0.88 ± 0.04* | 0.89 ± 0.05† | 0.83 ± 0.03 |
| 75th Percentile | 1.07 ± 0.09 | 1.15 ± 0.15 | 1.08 ± 0.11 |
| Kurtosis | 3.88 ± 0.46* | 4.53 ± 0.52 | 4.96 ± 0.77 |
| Skewness | 0.99 ± 0.25* | 1.32 ± 0.36 | 1.42 ± 0.21 |
| MTR | |||
| 25th Percentile | 46.44 ± 2.94 | 48.55 ± 2.09 | 48.55 ± 2.16 |
| 50th Percentile | 49.79 ± 2.71 | 51.44 ± 2.45 | 51.80 ± 2.03 |
| 75th Percentile | 52.61 ± 2.60 | 54.03 ± 2.60 | 54.86 ± 2.07 |
| Kurtosis | 14.85 ± 4.03 | 16.91 ± 3.92 | 16.36 ± 3.86 |
| Skewness | −2.56 ± 0.50 | −2.83 ± 0.52 | −2.62 ± 0.76 |
| Normalized brain volume (mm3) | 1,462,447 ± 39,769 | 1,486,052 ± 127,408 | 1,470,909 ± 75,721 |
Note:—ADC indicates apparent diffusion coefficient; MTR, magnetization transfer ratio; SIENAX, structural image evaluation, using normalization of atrophy, single time-point version; CEC, celiac disease, epilepsy, and cerebral calcifications; CD, celiac disease.
* P < .01 for the difference between patients with CEC and healthy subjects.
† P < .01 for the difference between patients with CD and healthy subjects.