Subject group characteristics
| PPMS | RRMS | SPMS | Combined MS group | Controls | |
| Subjects (M/F) | 11 (7/4) | 34 (10/24) | 18 (7/11) | 63 (24/39) | 22 (12/10) |
| Age (y) | 58.4 ± 6.0 | 39.4 ± 7.1 | 44.3 ± 10.5 | 44.1 ± 10.6 | 30.7 ± 7.6 |
| Disease duration (y) | 11.8 ± 5.1 | 9.1 ± 5.3 | 15.8 ± 9.0 | 11.6 ± 7.2 | |
| Median EDSS (range) | 4.5 (3.0–6.5) | 2.0 (1.5–4.0) | 6.0 (2.5–8.0) | 3.0 (1.5–8.0) | |
| MSFC | 0.15 ± 0.53 | 0.57 ± 0.30 | −0.27 ± 0.72 | 0.26 ± 0.61 | |
| NBV (L) | 1.41 ± 0.04 | 1.48 ± 0.06 | 1.41 ± 0.05 | 1.45 ± 0.06 | 1.52 ± 0.04 |
| Median lesion load, mL (range) | 6.8 (0.2–27.8) | 5.6 (0.3–41.2) | 10.8 (2.5–54.7) | 6.8 (0.2–54.7) |
Note:—MS indicates multiple sclerosis, specified by type as primary progressive (PPMS), relapsing-remitting (RRMS), and secondary progressive (SPMS); EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; MSFC, Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite; NBV, normalized brain volume.