Recent examples of applications in molecular neuroimaging using gene marking (of static cells)
| Type of Cell Marked | Method of Gene Marking | Transplant Site | Animal Model | Imaging Method | Application | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer cells | Ex vivo | Orthotopic | Mice | Fluc BLI | Evaluation of technical aspects of neuroimaging by testing suitability of Fluc reporter for brain imaging; evaluation of antineoplastic chemotherapy | 10 |
| Cancer cells | Ex vivo | Orthotopic | Mice, rats | Fluc BLI | Evaluation of technical aspects of neuroimaging after lentiviral transduction of various cancer cells | 11 |
| Cancer cells | Ex vivo | Orthotopic | Mice | Fluc BLI | Evaluation of technical aspects of neuroimaging using a herpes simplex virus amplicon vector expressing Fluc from an inducible promoter | 12 |
| Cancer cells | Ex vivo | Orthotopic, heterotopic | Mice | Fluc BLI | Evaluation of technical aspects of neuroimaging by comparing level and time course of light signal from 2 different locations | 13 |
| Cancer cells | Ex vivo | Orthotopic, heterotopic | Mice | HSV1-tk, PET | Evaluation of technical aspects of neuroimaging by testing suitability of a 76Br-labeled uracil analog as a probe in brain imaging | 14 |
| Cancer cells | Ex vivo | Orthotopic | Mice | Fluc BLI | Evaluation of technical aspects of neuroimaging by correlating tumor growth with Fluc BLI and MR imaging; evaluation of antineoplastic chemotherapy | 15 |
| Cancer cells | Ex vivo | Orthotopic | Mice | Fluc BLI | Evaluation of technical aspects of neuroimaging when establishing tumors with varying abilities to disrupt the BBB; evaluation of antineoplastic chemotherapy | 16 |
| Cancer cells | Ex vivo | Orthotopic | Mice | Fluc BLI | Evaluation of technical aspects of neuroimaging by testing hyperspectral/multispectral light analysis as a means of 3D localization in BLI | 17 |
| Normal brain | In vivo | Orthotopic | Mice | GFP, fluorescence | Evaluation of technical aspects of neuroimaging using reflectance fluorescence imaging | 18 |
| Normal brain | In vivo | Orthotopic | Rats | HSV1-tk, PET | Evaluation of technical aspects of neuroimaging in diagnosing early herpes simplex encephalitis | 19 |
| Cancer cells | Ex vivo | Orthotopic | Mice | Fluc BLI | Evaluation of role of activation of G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4 in growth of intracranial tumors; evaluation of antineoplastic chemotherapy | 20 |
| Cancer cells | Ex vivo | Orthotopic | Mice | Fluc BLI | Evaluation of immunotherapy of intracranial tumors | 21 |
| Cancer cells | Ex vivo | Orthotopic | Rats | Fluc BLI | Evaluation of photodynamic therapy of intracranial tumors | 22 |
| Cancer cells | Ex vivo | Orthotopic | Mice | Fluc BLI | Evaluation of tumor angiogenesis by imaging integrin αvβ3receptor expression using fluorescence imaging | 23 |
Note:—BLI indicates bioluminescence imaging; GFP, green fluorescent protein; PET, positron-emission tomography; HSV1-tk, herpes simplex virus–thymidine kinase; BBB, blood-brain barrier; αVβ3, a vitronectin receptor on the cell surface.