Mechanism | Injury | Vascular Lesion | Neurologic Symptoms |
---|---|---|---|
Fall from ladder | Fracture of articular process of C6 | Dissection of vertebral artery | + |
Bicycle vs truck | Basilar skull fracture | Carotid cavernosus fistula, dissection of contralateral ICA | + |
Motor vehicle crash | Luxation fracture of C4 | Dissection of vertebral artery | + |
Bicycle accident | Skull fracture, fracture of C4-C6 | Dissection of both vertebral arteries | + |
Motor vehicle crash | No fracture on CT | Unilateral ICA dissection | − |
Motor vehicle crash | Concussion; no fracture | Bilateral ICA dissections | − |
Note:—BCVI indicates blunt carotid and vertebral artery injury; ICA, internal carotid artery.