Description of each grade of leakage
| Leakage Characterization | Description |
|---|---|
| No | No leakage observed |
| Mild | Clear visible or possible cement extravasation was observed within ∼1–2 mm of the vertebral bodies. The minimum cement extravasation may have occurred in only 1 location. No additional medical care or observation was required. |
| Moderate | Clearly visible cement extravasation was observed, possibly beyond 3 mm but in a location that did not suggest any risk or harm to the patient. No additional medical care or observation was required. |
| Severe | Clearly visible cement extravasation was observed, possibly requiring additional patient observation and/or care. |