Patient No./Age (y)/Sex | Diagnosis | Symptoms | Time Vulnerable | Time to Imaging | Base BP, mmHg | Present BP, mmHg | Increase in BP, % | Creatinine Level, mg/(mg/dL) | BUN Level (mg/dL) | CSA Level (ng/dL) | Tacrolimus Level (ng/dL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1/90/M | HTN encephalopathy due to renal artery stenosis | Headache, confusion | <12 h | 23 h | 120/66 | 231/116 | 84 | 1.2 | 16 | − | − |
2/59/F | HTN encephalopathy (idiopathic) | Seizure, hemiparesis | 2 mo | 9 d | 150/70 | 240/100 | 52 | 0.7 | 17 | − | − |
3/79/F | HTN encephalopathy (idiopathic) | Seizure, cortical blindness, hemiparesis | 7 d | 6 d | 108/48 | 205/90 | 89 | 1.1 | 8 | − | − |
4/42/F | HTN encephalopathy, Crohn disease, anastomotic leak, sepsis | Seizures | 36 h | 19 h | 105/40 | 170/75 | 73 | 0.6 | 20 | − | − |
5/59/F | HTN encephalopathy, lupus nephritis | Headache, seizure | 3 wk | 28 d | 120/66 | 240/140 | 106 | 3.3 | 32 | − | − |
6/67/M | HTN encephalopathy, ARF, uremia | Altered MS, visual hallucinations | 25 d | 10 d | 110/62 | 220/90 | 71 | 7.4 | 64 | − | − |
7/63/F | HTN encephalopathy, scleroderma, renal failure | Seizures, hemiparesis | 24–48 h | 3 d | 140/60 | 200/106 | 58 | 6.2 | 42 | − | − |
8/9/M | CSA neurotoxicity, LTx for idiopathic failure | Hemiparesis, altered MS | >5 mo | 5 mo | 120/70 | 140/70 | 8 | 0.7 | 9 | 752 | − |
9/10/M | CSA neurotoxicity, BMT for AML | Visual changes | 48 h | 4 h | 112/72 | 170/100 | 45 | 0.5 | 18 | 182 | − |
10/4/M | CSA neurotoxicity, LTx for biliary atresia | Seizures | 12 d | 22 h | 99/59 | 160/110 | 75 | 0.6 | 22 | 416 | − |
11/30/M | CSA neurotoxicity, BMT for T-cell lymphoma, CPI | Cortical blind, altered MS | 60 h | 3 d | 106/68 | 136/88 | 29 | 2.0 | 80 | 1467 | − |
12/59/F | CSA neurotoxicity, BMT for ALL, sepsis | Altered MS | 24 d | 21 d | 60/45 | 200/80 | 140 | 9.1 | 96 | 427 | − |
13/47/F | Tacrolimus neurotoxicity, LTx for hepatitis C | Seizures | 3 mo | 2 d | 100/50 | 150/95 | 70 | 1.0 | 42 | − | 27.5 |
14/59/M | Tacrolimus neurotoxicity, living-donor LTx for cholangiocarcinoma | Cortical blindness, altered MS | 4 mo | 2 d | 140/90 | 150/100 | 9 | 1.0 | 33 | − | 5.9 |
15/51/M | Tacrolimus neurotoxicity, uremia, LKTx (oxaluria), sepsis | Altered MS, unresponsive | 10 d | 8 d | 80/40 | 205/104 | 158 | 2.7 | 100 | − | 11.3 |
16/53/F | Uremia, peritoneal liposarcomatosis, sepsis | Seizures, altered MS | 12 d | 2 d | 75/44 | 185/110 | 148 | 3.8 | 103 | − | − |
17/25/M | Uremia, acute pancreatitis, ARF on CRI | Seizures | 36 h | 3 d | 110/55 | 163/120 | 83 | 3.6 | 75 | − | − |
18/32/F | Uremia, CRI (idiopathic) | Seizure | 7 d | 21 h | NA | 212/133 | NA | 5.2 | 155 | − | − |
19/28/F | Uremia, HTN encephalopathy, Wegener nephropathy | Seizures | 24 h | 3 d | 157/100 | 239/172 | 63 | HD | 67 | − | − |
20/17/F | Eclampsia | Seizure, cortical blindness | 2 d | 3 d | 112/70 | 220/135 | 94 | 1.1 | 8 | − | − |
21/46/F | Eclampsia | Seizure | 36 h | 5 h | NA | 150/70 | NA | 1.0 | 10 | − | − |
22/68/F | Hemolytic-uremic syndrome, ARF | Seizure, altered MS | 16 d | 13 d | 80/40 | 215/90 | 147 | 6.1 | 81 | − | − |
Note.—ALL indicates acute lymphocytic leukemia; AML, acute myelogenous leukemia; ARF, acute renal failure; BMT, bone marrow transplant; CRI, chronic renal insufficiency; CSA, cyclosporin (normal levels, 100–300); HD, hemodialysis; HTN, hypertension; LKTx, liver-kidney transplantation; LTx, liver transplantation; MS, mental status not available; percentage increase in BP was computed as follows: [(MAP at presentation − MAP at baseline)/MAP at baseline] × 100%, where MAP = [systolic BP + 2(diastolic BP)]/3. Normal BUN levels, 8–24 ng/mL; and Normal tacrolimus levels, 3–20 ng/mL.