Characteristic | Before GDC Placement | After GDC Placement | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In Vivo | In Vitro | P Value | In Vivo | In Vitro | P Value | |
Increase in pressure P | 43.2 ± 8.6 | 84.2 ± 4.5 | <.05 | 89.2 ± 9.0* | 55.8 ± 3.2* | <.05 |
Change in temperature ΔT, °C | 11.48 ± 1.11 | 11.55 ± 0.40 | >.05 | 2.89 ± 1.89* | 4.34 ± 1.35* | >.05 |
Pressure-flow shift ε, seconds | 0.31 ± 0.04 | 0.26 ± 0.08 | >.05 | 1.07 ± 0.52* | 0.46 ± 0.12 | <.05 |
Dilution interval, seconds | 6.60 ± 2.44 | 6.98 ± 1.21 | >.05 | 26.98 ± 9.74* | 25.7 ± 12.65* | >.05 |
Note.—Injections were normal saline at room temperature. Data are the mean ± SD. P values were determined with a two-sided Student t test.
* P <.05 before GDC placement versus after GDC placement.