D′ | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | Control Participants | Mean +1 SD | Mean +2 SD | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | ROI | T2 | Mean | SD | ROI | T2 | Mean | SD | ROI | T2 | Mean | SD | |||
PLIC-l | 0.65 | 0.02 | 9 | 0 | 0.70 | 0.08 | 9 | 1 | 0.70 | 0.05 | 9 | 1 | 0.65 | 0.02 | 0.67 | 0.68 |
PLIC-r | 0.67 | 0.03 | 8 | 0 | 0.69 | 0.06 | 9 | 1 | 0.68 | 0.06 | 9 | 1 | ||||
CSO-l | 0.66 | 0.03 | 29 | 0 | 0.78 | 0.08 | 36 | 1 | 0.70 | 0.03 | 51 | 0 | 0.66 | 0.02 | 0.68 | 0.70 |
CSO-r | 0.66 | 0.02 | 25 | 0 | 0.77 | 0.10 | 38 | 1 | 0.71 | 0.03 | 52 | 0 | ||||
FWM-l | 0.77 | 0.04 | 62 | 0 | 0.74 | 0.04 | 80 | 0 | 0.75 | 0.05 | 100 | 0 | 0.74 | 0.02 | 0.76 | 0.78 |
FWM-r | 0.77 | 0.04 | 80 | 0 | 0.74 | 0.05 | 103 | 0 | 0.73 | 0.06 | 105 | 0 | ||||
PWM-l | 0.79 | 0.08 | 85 | 0 | 1.10 | 0.36 | 160 | 1 | 0.66 | 0.09 | 112 | 0 | 0.71 | 0.02 | 0.73 | 0.76 |
PWM-r | 0.82 | 0.08 | 75 | 0 | 1.08 | 0.42 | 206 | 1 | 0.71 | 0.07 | 158 | 0 | ||||
TWM-l | 0.82 | 0.08 | 93 | 0 | 1.13 | 0.30 | 91 | 1 | 0.81 | 0.08 | 100 | 0 | 0.77 | 0.02 | 0.79 | 0.80 |
TWM-r | 0.81 | 0.08 | 113 | 0 | 1.32 | 0.36 | 94 | 1 | 0.79 | 0.10 | 130 | 0 | ||||
OWM-l | 0.81 | 0.15 | 90 | 0 | 1.82 | 0.54 | 77 | 1 | 0.72 | 0.21 | 69 | 0 | 0.70 | 0.04 | 0.73 | 0.77 |
OWM-r | 0.78 | 0.17 | 71 | 0 | 1.72 | 0.53 | 85 | 1 | 0.71 | 0.12 | 96 | 0 | ||||
GCC-l | 0.84 | 0.30 | 24 | 0 | 0.81 | 0.12 | 22 | 0 | 0.72 | 0.20 | 21 | 0 | 0.81 | 0.09 | 0.90 | 1.00 |
GCC-r | 0.83 | 0.20 | 18 | 0 | 0.80 | 0.16 | 20 | 0 | 0.68 | 0.09 | 26 | 0 | ||||
SCC-l | 0.78 | 0.18 | 28 | 0 | 1.92 | 0.35 | 16 | 1 | 0.63 | 0.25 | 27 | 0 | 0.73 | 0.06 | 0.78 | 0.84 |
SCC-r | 0.79 | 0.13 | 20 | 0 | 2.13 | 0.38 | 18 | 1 | 0.61 | 0.10 | 19 | 0 | ||||
ALIC-l | 0.72 | 0.06 | 11 | 0 | 0.77 | 0.04 | 13 | 0 | 0.86 | 0.10 | 16 | 1 | 0.73 | 0.05 | 0.79 | 0.84 |
ALIC-r | 0.75 | 0.09 | 9 | 0 | 0.73 | 0.06 | 8 | 0 | 0.82 | 0.11 | 12 | 1 |
Note.—D′ indicates isotropic diffusion; ROI, region of interest; T2, T2 value on T2-weighted MR images; -l, on the left side; -r, on the right side; PLIC, posterior limb of the internal capsule; CSO, centrum semiovale; FWM, frontal white matter; PWM, parietal white matter; TWM, temporal white matter; OWM, occipital white matter; GCC, genu corporis callosi; SCC, splenium corporis callosi; ALIC, anterior limb of the internal capsule. Mean diffusivity values for three patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, indicated as mean values and intra-region of interest SDs (inter-pixel SDs), are compared with those of seven age-matched normal control participants, indicated as mean values and inter-region of interest SDs. Values shown on light gray background are between 1 and 2 SDs of the mean, and values shown on dark gray background are >2 SDs of the mean, compared with values for normal control participants. T2 values are either 0 for T2-weighted images without evidence of demyelination in the specific region or 1 for T2-weighted images with evidence of demyelination.