Total No. of patients | 18 | 100 |
Men | 12 | 66.7 |
Women | 6 | 33.3 |
Age (range) (mean) (yr) | 48–78 (60.4) | |
Symptoms | | |
Subclavian steal | 9 | 50.0 |
Transient ischemic attack | 10 | 55.6 |
Syncope or presyncope episodes | 2 | 11.1 |
Symptoms of upper limb ischemia | 1 | 5.6 |
Cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities | | |
Arterial hypertension | 14 | 77.8 |
Diabetes mellitus | 3 | 16.7 |
Smoking | 17 | 94.4 |
Hyperlipidemia | 14 | 77.8 |
Coronary heart disease or previous myocardial infarction | 7 | 38.9 |
Previous aortocoronary bypass surgery | 4 | 22.2 |
Previous ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack | 11 | 61.1 |
Associated stenosis of other cervical vessels | 14 | 77.8 |
Peripheral arterial occlusive disease | 9 | 50.0 |