Mechanism of trauma, diagnostic modality, clinical signs and symptoms on admission, associated injuries, treatment, and outcome in 10 children with traumatic REH
| No. | Sex/Age | Mechanism of Injury | Diagnostic Modality | Clinical Signs/Symptoms on Admission | Associated Injuries | Treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M/4 yr | MVA | CT/MR | GCS score, 6; left sixth cranial nerve palsy | Multiple skull fractures; intraparenchymal and subdural hematoma; shear injuries; left internal carotid artery dissection; transverse ligament injury | Conservative (Miami J collar) | Neurologic impairment related to DAI |
| 2 | F/15 yr | Cattle roping | CT/MR | GCS score, 7 | Intracranial hematoma; cerebral contusions; extra-axial hemorrhage; shear injuries | Conservative (Miami J collar) | Neurologic impairment related to DAI |
| 3 | M/6 yr | Fall | CT | GCS score, 15; unremarkable | Stretched tectorial membrane; apical ligament injury; mild compression of the brain stem | Conservative | Full recovery |
| 4 | F/9 yr | MVA | CT/MR | GCS score, 6; left fourth, sixth, tenth, twelfth cranial nerve palsy; paresis of the left arm; bilateral upgoing toes | Tectorial membrane disruption; left occipital condylar fracture with subluxation of C-spine; moderate compression of the brain stem; intraparenchymal hematoma; cerebral contusion, extra-axial hemorrhage | Surgical fixation C0-C2 | Neurologic impairment related to DAI |
| 5 | F/6 yr | MVA | CT/MR | GCS score, 13; nausea, headache; bilateral sixth, ninth, twelfth cranial nerve palsy | Tectorial membrane disruption | Conservative (Miami J collar) | Full recovery |
| 6 | F/21 mo | Fall | CT/MR | GCS score, 14; nausea, headache | Tectorial membrane disruption; skull fracture; extra-axial hemorrhage; apical ligament injury | Conservative (Miami J collar) | Full recovery |
| 7 | M/13 yr | Go-cart accident | CT | GCS score, 15; mild nausea | Stretched tectorial membrane; left occipital condylar fracture | Conservative (Miami J collar) | Full recovery |
| 8 | F/6 yr | MVA | CT/MR | GCS score, 15; cervical pain | Tectorial membrane disruption; mild compression of the brain stem | Conservative (Miami J collar and thoracic lumbar sacral orthosis brace) | Full recovery |
| 9 | F/9 yr | MVA | CT/MR | GCS score, 5 | Stretched tectorial membrane | Conservative (Miami J collar) | Full recovery |
| 10 | M/2 yr | Car versus pedestrian | CT/MR | GCS score, 13; left femur fracture | Apical and posterior atlanto-occipital membrane injury; skull fracture | Conservative (Miami J collar) | Full recovery |