No. | Age (yr) | Thromb. IA/IV | Stroke Etiologya | Infarct Territory | Occluded Vessel | HTb | MR Imaging Characteristics of Qualifying Lesions (RSCI) | Locationc | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pattern Type | ADC | N RSCI | Hypo-GRE | Max. Diam. (mm) | ||||||||
1 | 63 | IV | Undetermined | R Carot. | M2 | HI-1 | Gad +/DWI- | N | 1 | No | 41 | Cortical/same arterial territory |
2 | 63 | IA | LV Dis. | R Carot. | M1 | – | Gad−/DWI+ | D | 1 | No | 5 | Cortical/same arterial territory |
3 | 77 | IA | Other | R Carot. | IC | PH-2 | Gad−/DWI+ | D | 2 | No | 5 | Cortical/same arterial territory |
4 | 42 | IA | Other | R Carot. | M1 | PH-1 | Gad+/DWI+ | D | 4 | No | 15 | Multiple territories |
5 | 63 | IV | LV Dis. | L Carot. | CC+M1 | HI-2 | Gad−/DWI+ | D | 1 | No | 7 | Cortical/same arterial territory |
6 | 74 | IV + MT | LV Dis. | R Carot. | CC+M1 | PH-1 | Gad+/DWI+ | D | 3 | No | 15 | Cortical/same arterial territory |
7 | 49 | IV | Undetermined | L Carot. | CC+M1 | – | Gad+/DWI− | N | 1 | No | 11 | Cortical/same arterial territory |
8 | 36 | IA | Other | BA | BA | – | Gad−/DWI+ | D | 1 | No | 23 | Cortical/same arterial territory |
9 | 40 | IA | Cardioembolic | L Carot. | M1 | – | Gad+/DWI− | N | 2 | No | 13 | Cortical/same arterial territory |
10 | 78 | IV | LV Dis. | L Carot. | CC+M1 | HI-2 | Gad+/DWI− | N | 1 | Yes | 15 | Cortical/other arterial territory |
Note:—IA indicates intra-arterial; Thromb., thrombolysis; HT, hemorrhagic transformation; N, normal ADC compared with the contralateral side; D, decreased ADC compared with contralateral side; N RSCI, number of areas of RSCI per patient; hypo-GRE, hypointensity on T2 gradient-echo-T2WI within the RSCI area; Max. Diam., maximum diameter of RSCI in millimeters measured on axial FLAIR; LV Dis., large-vessel disease etiology; Other, other etiology; R Carot., right internal carotid artery; L Carot., left internal carotid artery; M2, second segment of the middle cerebral artery; M1, first segment of the middle cerebral artery; IC, intracranial internal carotid artery; CC, cervical internal carotid artery; BA, basilar artery; MT, mechanical thrombectomy; Gad+, gadolinium enhancement on T1WI; Gad−, lack of gadolium enhancement on T1WI.
↵a According to the TOAST classification, patients younger than 56 years with associated patent foramen ovale and atrial septum aneurysm (patient 9) were classified under “cardioembolic.” “Other” etiology was myeloproliferative-disorder-associated coagulopathy in patient 3; paraneaoplastic coagulopathy in patient 4; and vertebral artery dissection in patient 8.
↵b According to the ECASS definition.4
↵c Location of the RSCI was compared with the acute infarct arterial territory.