Prevalence of vascular risk factors, APOE allele status, and markers of small-vessel disease according to microbleed statusa
| Variables | No CMBsb (n = 129) | CMBs on 3D But Not 2Dc (n = 29) | CMBs on 2D and 3Dd (n = 42) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % or mean ± SD | % or mean ± SD | OR (95% CI)e | % or mean ± SD | OR (95% CI)e | ||
| Age, years | 78.8 ± 5.8 | 79.2 ± 6.3 | 1.01 (0.95–1.09) | 80.6 ± 6.3 | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) | |
| Men | 43.4 | 51.7 | 1.40 (0.63–3.15) | 50.0 | 1.27 (0.63–2.57) | |
| Systolic blood pressuref (mm Hg) | 145.3 ± 19.6 | 150.8 ± 21.4 | 1.42 (0.91–2.22) | 152.8 ± 21.2 | 1.43 (0.98–2.08) | |
| Diastolic blood pressuref (mm Hg) | 75.6 ± 10.0 | 79.0 ± 10.5 | 1.48 (0.94–2.32) | 76.5 ± 9.4 | 1.33 (0.88–2.00) | |
| Hypertension (WHO grades 2 and 3) | 22.6 | 42.9 | 1.48 (0.52–4.23) | 38.5 | 2.44 (0.81–7.31) | |
| Smoking (ever) | 74.8 | 72.4 | 0.79 (0.31–2.06) | 82.9 | 1.59 (0.61–4.11) | |
| Serum total cholesterolg (mmol/L) | 5.60 ± 1.05 | 5.52 ± 1.07 | 0.92 (0.57–1.50) | 5.56 ± 0.94 | 0.93 (0.60–1.43) | |
| APOE ε4 carrier, versus ε3/ε3 | 22.9 | 34.6 | 1.74 (0.67–4.52) | 42.1 | 2.72 (1.17–6.35) | |
| Lacunar infarct on MRI | 9.3 | 31.0 | 2.70 (0.82–8.94) | 23.8 | 2.92 (1.03–8.30) | |
| White matter lesions on MRIh (mL) | 7.3 (3.6–15.1) | 9.3 (4.0–26.8) | 1.35 (0.87–2.09) | 9.9 (6.3–30.8) | 1.52 (1.04–2.22) | |
Note:—WHO indicates World Health Organization.
↵a All values represent %, mean ± SD, or age- and sex-adjusted (when applicable) ORs with 95% CI.
↵b Participants without microbleeds on either 2D or 3D T2*GRE.
↵c Participants with ≥1 microbleed on 3D T2*GRE but without microbleeds on the 2D T2*GRE.
↵d Participants with ≥1 microbleed on both 2D T2*GRE and 3D T2*GRE sequences.
↵e Odds ratios compared with the odds of the “no CMBs” category.
↵f Additionally adjusted for the use of blood pressure–lowering medication.
↵g Additionally adjusted for the use of lipid-lowering drugs.
↵h Median with interquartile range and natural-log transformed values used in odds ratios.