Overall Score | Perivascular Space Score by Anatomic Region | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subcortical White Matter | Basal Ganglia | Infratentorial | ||||||
β Coefficient | P Value | β Coefficient | P Value | β Coefficient | P Value | β Coefficient | P Value | |
Age | 0.01 | .02 | 0.008 | .15 | 0.01 | .02 | 0.02 | .19 |
Male sex | −0.11 | .12 | −0.21 | .01 | 0.05 | .52 | −0.35 | .08 |
Race | ||||||||
White | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
Black | 0.004 | .96 | 0.11 | .37 | −0.07 | .51 | −0.47 | .12 |
Hispanic | −0.11 | .17 | −0.06 | .57 | −0.15 | .10 | −0.20 | .40 |
Body mass index | −0.004 | .53 | −0.004 | .61 | −0.003 | .64 | −0.008 | .63 |
Smoking | ||||||||
Never | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
Former | 0.02 | .35 | 0.05 | .55 | −0.05 | .52 | 0.35 | .07 |
Current | 0.08 | .78 | 0.14 | .20 | −0.04 | .61 | 0.76 | .001 |
Hypertension | 0.17 | .01 | 0.11 | .20 | 0.20 | .02 | 0.59 | .008 |
Antihypertensive medications | −0.11 | .09 | −0.13 | .13 | −0.09 | .24 | −0.28 | .24 |
Diabetes | 0.03 | .71 | 0.06 | .51 | −0.003 | .96 | −0.04 | .88 |
Hypoglycemic medications | −0.18 | .19 | −0.19 | .10 | −0.03 | .79 | −0.31 | .40 |
Hypercholesterolemia | −0.12 | .21 | 0.01 | .93 | −0.14 | .02 | −0.16 | .38 |
Cholesterol-lowering medications | −0.24 | .02 | −0.22 | .08 | −0.22 | .08 | −0.76 | .04 |
History of cardiac disease | 0.07 | .32 | −0.02 | .81 | 0.15 | .05 | 0.26 | .23 |
Carotid plaque | 0.22 | <.001 | 0.29 | <.001 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.22 | .21 |
Note:—Ref indicates reference group.
↵a Coefficients were adjusted for all other demographic variables plus medications to treat hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia.