Vascular responses to aberrant WSS conditions reported in literature
Pathobiologic Responses to High WSS and Positive WSS Gradienta | Pathobiologic Responses to Low WSS and High OSIb |
---|---|
EC damage24,45 | Proinflammatory ECs that are “leaky” and “sticky”21,62 |
EC turnover25,72 | Increased ROS62 |
MMP production by mural cells25 | Increased inflammatory cell infiltration70 |
ECM degradation36 | MMP production by macrophages61 |
Medial thinning36 | SMC proliferation and migration63 |
Mural cell apoptosis25 | Thrombus formation23,63 |