Table 1:

Case characteristics

Patient	Age (yr)	Sex	Possible Imaging Leak Site^{^a}	Possible Causes	Symptoms
1^{^b}	39	F	Lower thoracic spine; L4–5	Lumbar fixation removed; Chiari s/p craniotomy; dural patch repair	Orthostatic HA
2^{^b}	59	F	Mid- or lower thoracic; no definite site	Chiari s/p craniotomy, prior traumatic pelvic fracture	Orthostatic HA, cochleovestibular manifestations, personality changes, frontotemporal dementia-like picture
3	21	M	Arachnoid cyst L1–L5; L2–3	None	Orthostatic HA
4	30	M	C6–T2	None	Orthostatic HA
5^{^b}	32	F	L2–3	None	Orthostatic HA
6^{^b}	37	F	Cervical, thoracic, upper lumbar	Dural tear during pregnancy	Orthostatic HA
7^{^b}	53	M	Multilevel cervical spine; T6–L1	Remote frontal head injury with LOC	Orthostatic HA, cochleovestibular manifestations, personality changes, memory decline, change in level of consciousness
8	22	F	Midthoracic; T12–L1	None	Orthostatic HA
9	9	F	Thoracic, lumbar, sacral	Chiari s/p craniotomy; Marfan syndrome	Orthostatic HA, nausea with emesis

Note:—s/p indicates status post: LOC, loss of consciousness; HA, headache.
↵a Determined by the attending diagnostic neuroradiologist or the treating neurointerventionalist using CT or MR myelography.
↵b Denotes a patient who had failed prior therapy.