Artifacts from surgically implanted hardware
| Hardware Type | Average Artifact Volume (cm3) | SD | Range (cm3) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intracranial hardware | 4.3 | 3.2 | 1.1–9.4 |
| Extracranial hardware (CVR protocol) | 28.4 | 14.0 | 6.1–61.7 |
| Extracranial hardware (functional localizer protocol) | 39.9 | 27.0 | 6.9–77.1 |
| Ventriculoperitoneal shunt | 95.7 | 39.3 | 64.0–139.6 |