Outcomes
| Outcome | No. of Studies | OR (95% CI) | Prevalence Asymptomatic | Prevalence Symptomatic | P Valuea | I2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annular fissure | 6 | 1.79 (0.97–3.31) | 11.3% (9.0%–14.2%) | 20.1% (17.7%–22.8%) | .06 | 59 |
| High-intensity zone | 4 | 2.10 (0.73–6.02) | 9.5% (6.7%–13.4%) | 10.4% (8.0%–13.4%) | .17 | 72 |
| Central spinal canal stenosis | 2 | 20.58 (0.05–798.77) | 14.0% (10.4%–18.6%) | 59.5% (54.9%–63.9%) | .32 | 94 |
| Disc bulge | 3 | 7.54 (1.28–44.56) | 5.9% (3.8%–8.9%) | 43.2% (38.2%–48.2%) | .03 | 90 |
| Disc degeneration | 12 | 2.24 (1.21–4.15) | 34.4% (31.5%–37.5%) | 57.4% (54.8%–59.8%) | .01 | 89 |
| Disc extrusion | 4 | 4.38 (1.98–9.68) | 1.8% (0.1%–3.7%) | 7.1% (5.4%–9.4%) | <.01 | 0 |
| Disc protrusion | 9 | 2.65 (1.52–4.62) | 19.1% (16.5%–22.3%) | 42.2% (39.3%–45.1%) | .00 | 62 |
| Modic changes | 5 | 1.62 (0.48–5.41) | 12.1% (9.6%–15.2%) | 23.2% (21.7%–27.3%) | .43 | 65 |
| Modic 1 changes | 2 | 4.01 (1.10–14.55) | 3.2% (0.7%–9.4%) | 6.7% (4.2%–10.4%) | .04 | 0 |
| Spondylolisthesis | 4 | 1.59 (0.78–3.24) | 3.2% (1.8%–5.8%) | 6.2% (4.4%–8.7%) | .20 | 0 |
| Spondylolysis | 2 | 5.06 (1.65–15.53) | 1.8% (0.0%–5.3%) | 9.4% (6.6%–12.4%) | <.01 | 0 |
↵a P values are computed from the meta-analysis of ORs. Prevalence data are provided for reference but are not meant for statistical comparison.