Selected brain regions for analysis
| Brain Region | Reference | +/− | N | Chronic Pain Disorder |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thalamus | Apkarian et al, 200418 | − | 52 | CLBP |
| Schmidt-Wilcke et al, 200617 | + | 36 | CLBP | |
| Schmidt-Wilcke et al, 200740 | − | 42 | Fibromyalgia | |
| Ivo et al, 20139 | − | 28 | CLBP | |
| S1 | Rodriguez-Raecke et al, 200939 | − | 32 | Hip OA |
| Seminowicz et al, 201141 | − | 34 | CLBP | |
| Kong et al, 201336 | + | 36 | CLBP | |
| Insular cortex | Kuchinad et al, 200737 | − | 20 | Fibromyalgia |
| Rodriguez-Raecke et al, 200939 | − | 32 | Hip OA | |
| Valet et al, 200942 | − | 39 | Pain syndrome (DSM IV) | |
| Robinson et al, 201111 | − | 25 | Fibromyalgia | |
| Seminowicz et al, 201141 | − | 34 | CLBP | |
| Anterior cingulate cortex | Burgmer et al, 200934 | − | 28 | Fibromyalgia |
| Valet et al, 200942 | − | 39 | Pain syndrome (DSM IV) | |
| Rodriguez-Raecke et al, 200939 | − | 32 | Hip OA | |
| Seminowicz et al, 201141 | − | 34 | CLBP | |
| Jensen et al, 201335 | − | 39 | Fibromyalgia | |
| Midcingulate cortex | Kuchinad et al, 200737 | − | 20 | Fibromyalgia |
| Buckalew et al, 200833 | − | 16 | CLBP | |
| Wood et al, 200943 | − | 14 | Fibromyalgia | |
| Robinson et al, 201111 | − | 25 | Fibromyalgia | |
| Ivo et al, 20139 | − | 28 | CLBP | |
| Prefrontal cortex dorsolateral | Apkarian et al, 200418 | − | 52 | CLBP |
| Seminowicz et al, 201141 | − | 34 | CLBP | |
| Ivo et al, 20139 | − | 28 | CLBP | |
| Prefrontal cortex ventrolateral | Rodriguez-Raecke et al, 200939 | − | 32 | Hip OA |
| Burgmer et al, 200934 | − | 28 | Fibromyalgia | |
| Seminowicz et al, 201141 | − | 34 | CLBP | |
| Posterior cingulate cortex | Kuchinad et al, 200737 | − | 20 | Fibromyalgia |
| Valet et al, 200942 | − | 39 | Pain syndrome (DSM IV) | |
| Wood et al, 200943 | − | 14 | Fibromyalgia | |
| Robinson et al, 201111 | − | 25 | Fibromyalgia | |
| Orbitofrontal cortex | Schmidt-Wilcke et al, 200740 | + | 42 | Fibromyalgia |
| Valet et al, 200942 | − | 39 | Pain syndrome (DSM IV) | |
| Rodriguez-Raecke et al, 200939 | − | 32 | Hip OA | |
| Seminowicz et al, 201141 | − | 34 | CLBP | |
| Hippocampus | Lutz et al, 200838 | − | 60 | Fibromyalgia |
| Zimmerman et al, 200914 | − | 20 | Chronic pain | |
| Amygdala | Burgmer et al, 200934 | − | 28 | Fibromyalgia |
| Rodriguez-Raecke et al, 200939 | − | 32 | Hip OA |
Note:—+ indicates larger volume in chronic pain; −, smaller volume in chronic pain; CLBP, chronic low back pain; OA, osteoarthritis; DSMIV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition.