Individual imaging features—univariate binary logistic regression analysis on DSA and interreader agreement
| Imaging Feature | OR | SE | Wald Test | P | Sensitivity (95% CI) (%) | Specificity (95% CI) (%) | PPV (95% CI) (%) | NPV (95% CI) (%) | Interobserver Agreement (κ) (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structural MRI | |||||||||
| ICH | 0.18 | 1.32 | 37.84 | .001 | 37.2 (26.5–47.9) | 23.1 (17.7–28.5) | 13.9 (9.2–18.6) | 52.4 (43.0–62.1) | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) |
| Vasogenic edema or gliosis | 0.36 | 1.37 | 10.59 | .001 | 20.8 (11.7–58.1) | 58.1 (51.8–64.4) | 14.0 (7.7–20.4) | 69.0 (62.6–75.5) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
| Abnormal vessels | 5.57 | 1.32 | 37.24 | .001 | 59.0 (48.1–69.9) | 79.5 (74.3–84.7) | 48.9 (38.8–59.0) | 85.3 (80.6–90.0) | 0.73 (0.67–0.79) |
| Enlarged sinus | 2.58 | 1.36 | 9.50 | .002 | 31.2 (20.8–41.5) | 79.9 (73.9–85.8) | 40.7 (28.1–53.2) | 72.4 (66.1–78.7) | 0.69 (0.61–0.76) |
| Enlarged SOV | 3.68 | 1.62 | 7.36 | .007 | 12.7 (5.3–20.0) | 96.2 (93.7–98.6) | 52.6 (30.2–75.1) | 76.5 (71.7–81.4) | 0.83 (0.74–0.93) |
| Cavernous sinus enlargement | 34.80 | 2.14 | 21.85 | .001 | 23.1 (13.7–32.4) | 99.2 (98.0–100.3) | 90.0 (76.9–103.2) | 79.5 (74.8–84.1) | 0.89 (0.82–0.97) |
| Orbital edema/proptosis | 12.26 | 2.23 | 10.38 | .001 | 10.3 (3.5–17.0) | 99.2 (98.0–100.3) | 80.0 (55.2–104.8) | 76.8 (72.1–81.6) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
| Time-of-flight MRA | |||||||||
| NCH | 114.70 | 1.88 | 56.75 | .001 | 61.1 (49.9–72.4) | 98.7 (97.1–100.2) | 93.6 (86.6–100.6) | 88.7 (84.7–92.6) | 0.87 (0.82–0.93) |
| Abnormal vessels | 6.00 | 1.34 | 37.28 | .001 | 59.7 (48.4–71.1) | 80.2 (74.9–85.4) | 49.4 (38.9–59.9) | 86.0 (81.3–90.7) | 0.38 (0.30–0.46) |
| Venous signal | 20.75 | 1.47 | 60.96 | .001 | 87.5 (79.9–95.1) | 74.8 (69.1–80.5) | 52.9 (44.0–61.9) | 94.9 (91.6–98.1) | 0.87 (0.83–0.91) |
| Enlarged extracranial arteries | 17.81 | 1.41 | 70.98 | .001 | 62.5 (51.3–73.7) | 91.4 (87.8–95.1) | 70.3 (59.1–81.5) | 88.3 (84.1–92.4) | 0.76 (0.69–0.83) |
| ASL | |||||||||
| Venous ASL signal | 103.20 | 1.65 | 84.95 | .001 | 93.6 (88.2–99.0) | 87.6 (83.4–91.8) | 71.5 (62.8–80.3) | 97.6 (95.6–99.7) | 0.94 (0.9–0.97) |
Note:—SOV indicates superior ophthalmic vein; SE, standard error; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage.