Table 1:

Key zoonotic diseases with CNS manifestations

Pathogen TypeAnimal ReservoirZoonotic Species or Agent
ViralBatsRabies virus (RABV)
Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV)
Hendra virus (HeV)
Nipah virus (NiV)
SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2
Bats, primates, duikersEbola virus (EBOV)
Marburg virus (MARV)
PrimatesHerpes B virus
RodentsHantavirus
Poultry, swineInfluenza A virus (H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, H5N1, H7N9)
BacterialRuminantsBrucella species
Leptospira interrogans
Coxiella burnetii
Rabbits, rodentsFrancisella tularensis
PoultryChlamydia psittaci
FishStreptococcus iniae
ParasiticFelinesToxoplasma gondii
SwineTaenia solium
Sheep, cattleEchinococcus species
FungalBats, birds, various mammalsHistoplasma capsulatum Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii