Demographic data and clinical characteristics of the 3 groupsa
| Characteristics | Healthy Controls (n = 8) | Term Neonates with HIE (n = 8) | P Value between Controls and Term HIE | Preterm Neonates with HIE (n = 8) | P Value between Term and Preterm HIE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age (mean) (wk) | 39.3 (SD, 0.6) | 40.0 (SD, 0.8) | .056 | 33.5 (SD, 2.1) | <.001 |
| Corrected gestational age at MRI (mean) (wk) | 41.3 (SD, 1.1) | 41.9 (SD, 0.7) | .166 | 35.7 (SD, 2.6) | <.001 |
| Time interval between age at birth and age at MR imaging (mean) (wk) | 2.0 (SD, 0.7) | 1.9 (SD, 0.6) | .819 | 2.2 (SD, 0.9) | .404 |
| Birth weight (mean) (g) | 3306.3 (SD, 353.1) | 3430.6 (SD, 471.4) | .560 | 1926.3 (SD, 350.3) | <.001 |
| No. of male neonates (No.) (%) | 4 (50) | 5 (62.5) | 1.000 | 4 (50) | 1.000 |
| Apgar grade (median) (IQR) | 10 (10–10) | 6.5 (4–7) | <.001 | 6 (2–7) | .543 |
| Umbilical cord around the neck (No.) (%) | 2 (25) | 1 (12.5) | 1.000 | 1 (12.5) | 1.000 |
| Oxygen inhalation (No.) (%) | 0 | 4 (50) | NA | 7 (87.5) | 1.000 |
| Pulse oximetry (%) | 95–100 | 90–95 | <.001 | 90–95 | .122 |
| Meconium-stained amniotic fluid (No.) (%) | 0 | 3 (37.5) | NA | 1 (12.5) | .569 |
| Premature rupture of fetal membranes (No.) (%) | 0 | 3 (37.5) | NA | 5 (62.5) | .619 |
| Placental abruption (No.) (%) | 0 | 0 | NA | 2 (25) | NA |
| Cord prolapse (No.) (%) | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 (12.5) | NA |
| Fetal intrauterine distress (No.) (%) | 0 | 7 (87.5) | NA | 2 (25) | .119 |
| Neonatal asphyxia resuscitation (No.) (%) | 0 | 8 (100) | NA | 8 (100) | NA |
| Respiratory failure and ventilation (No.) (%) | 0 | 2 (25) | NA | 5 (62.5) | .315 |
| Obtundation (No.) (%) | 0 | 7 (87.5) | NA | 6 (75) | 1.000 |
| Stuporous (No.) (%) | 0 | 1 (12.5) | NA | 2 (25) | 1.000 |
| Inhibited primitive reflexes (No.) (%) | 0 | 7 (87.5) | NA | 6 (75) | 1.000 |
| Disappeared primitive reflexes (No.) (%) | 0 | 1 (12.5) | NA | 2 (25) | 1.000 |
| Hypotonia (No.) (%) | 0 | 2 (25) | NA | 4 (50) | .608 |
| Flaccid (No.) (%) | 0 | 1 (12.5) | NA | 2 (25) | 1.000 |
| Seizures (No.) (%) | 0 | 2 (25) | NA | 3 (37.5) | 1.000 |
| Therapeutic hypothermia (No.) (%) | 0 | 2 (25) | NA | 1 (12.5) | 1.000 |
Note:—IQR indicates interquartile range; NA, not applicable.
↵a P values were from the χ2 test or Fisher exact test for categoric variables or the Student t test for continuous variables.