Brain Activation During Silent Word Generation Evaluated with Functional MRI

doi:10.1006/brln.1998.1953

Brain and Language

Volume 64, Issue 2, September 1998, Pages 231-256

https://doi.org/10.1006/brln.1998.1953 Get rights and content

Abstract

This is a study of word generation during functional MRI (fMRI). Eleven normal healthy subjects were instructed to generate words covertly, (i.e., silently) that began with particular letters. Images were acquired on a conventional 1.5T scanner at three contiguous axial planes encompassing language-related areas of the temporal and frontal lobe. The data were analyzed at the level of a Talairach box, after individually fitting the proportional Talairach grid system to each slice. The main variable of interest was the number of activated pixels within a Talairach box. Boxes with a significant increase in the proportion of activated pixels were located in three regions of the left neocortex: (1) Brodmann areas 44 and 45 in the dorsolateral frontal cortex (Broca's area), (2) areas 21 and 37 in the temporal cortex, (3) and the striate/extrastriate cortex (areas 17 & 18). The results are discussed in terms of a cognitive model of word generation and are compared, in detail, with the results of prior relevant imaging studies.

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^☆

The authors acknowledge the financial support of this project by Herbert Meltzer, M.D., through his grants from the U.S. Public Health Service (MH 411684 and MH 415494), the National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Depression, and the Prentiss Foundation, and support of Dr. Friedman through the Scottish Rite Foundation. We also acknowledge that it was Dr. Meltzer who originally suggested that we employ the COWAT as an activation paradigm for an fMRI study. We also thank Tim Curran, Ph.D., and Milton Strauss, Ph.D., for their helpful comments on this manuscript.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Lee Friedman, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Hanna Pavilion, 1st Floor Mail Room, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106. Fax: 216-844-7484. E-mail:[email protected].

^☆☆: H. WhitakerH. A. Whitaker

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Regular ArticleBrain Activation During Silent Word Generation Evaluated with Functional MRI☆,☆☆

Abstract

Cortex

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

Neuropsychologia

Biological Psychiatry

Intelligence

Cognitive Psychology

Neuropsychologia

Neuropsychologia

Brain Research

Cognitive psychology and its implications, Third Edition

Dissociation of storage and rehearsal in verbal working memory: Evidence from positron emission tomography

Psychological Science

Working memory

Neurologic correlates of anomia

Studies in neurolinguistics, 4

Aphasia and related disorders: A clinical approach

Multilingual aphasia examination

Contributions to neuropsychological assessment

Determination of language dominance using functional MRI: A comparison with the WADA test

Neurology

Function of the left planum temporale in auditory and linguistic processing

Brain

Lateralized human brain language systems demonstrated by task subtraction functional magnetic resonance imaging

Archives of Neurology

Wernicke's region—Where is it?

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Functional activation and cognition: The15

Functional activation of frontal cortex in subvocalization

Neurology

Functional processing of the language processing system

Lesion analysis in neuropsychology

A survey of adult aphasia and related language disorder, 2nd edition

Mapping motor representations with positron emission tomography

Nature

When working memory does not work: The role of working memory in neuropsychology

Handbook of Neuropsychology

The anatomy of phonological and semantic processing in normal subjects

Brain

The neural basis of the central executive system of working memory

Nature

Correlation of regional cerebral metabolic activation to performance in activating task

Neurology

Silent speech and silent reading

Human cognitive neuropsychology

Electromyographic investigation of intrinsic laryngeal muscles in humans

Acta Physiologica Scandinavia

Electromyography of intrinsic and extrinsic laryngeal muscles during silent speech: Correlation with reading activity

Acta-otolaryngologia

Pet activation of posterior temporal regions during auditory word presentation and verb generation

Cerebral Cortex

PET studies of auditory and phonological processing: Effects of stimulus characteristics and task demands

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

A positron emission tomography study of the short-term maintenance of verbal information

The Journal of Neuroscience

Investigating a network model of word generation with positron emission tomography

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London

Willed action and the prefrontal cortex in man: A study with PET

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London

Regular Article
Brain Activation During Silent Word Generation Evaluated with Functional MRI☆,☆☆

Functional activation and cognition: The¹⁵