Regular ArticleContribution of Corticospinal Tract Damage to Cortical Motor Reorganization after a Single Clinical Attack of Multiple Sclerosis
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2014, NeuroImageCitation Excerpt :However, these behavioral abnormalities are not always perceptible with conventional clinical examination. There is evidence that at early stages of the disease, functional adaptive changes occur as a means to limit clinical manifestations of tissue damage (Audoin et al., 2005; Mainero et al., 2004; Pantano et al., 2002a, 2002b). Due to the scattered nature of the structural abnormalities, the relationship between lesions and clinical disability is not straightforward.
Disability in multiple sclerosis: When synaptic long-term potentiation fails
2014, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :The extent of cortical remapping in MS patients correlates with the extent of T2-visible burden (Reddy et al., 2000a; Rocca et al., 2002a, 2003a), N-acetylaspartate levels (Reddy et al., 2000b; Rocca et al., 2003b), and normal appearing brain tissue (NABT) damage (Filippi et al., 2002a; Rocca et al., 2003a) suggesting the idea of a possible adaptive nature of brain plasticity. In light of these correlations, Filippi and Rocca (2009) proposed that an increased recruitment of the cortical networks might contribute in limiting the functional impact of MS-related damage, while Rocca et al. (2002a) proposed that changes in the organization of cortical areas involved in motor or cognitive tasks occurring in MS patients at the stage of CIS (Pantano et al., 2002a; Rocca et al., 2002a, 2003b), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) (Filippi et al., 2002b; Lee et al., 2000; Rocca et al., 2003a; Reddy et al., 2000a, 2000b, 2002; Staffen et al., 2002) through to SPMS and primary progressive (PPMS) patients (Filippi et al., 2002a; Rocca et al., 2002a, 2002b), might account at least in part for the discrepancy between clinical disability and brain damage. Authors also suggested that exhaustion of patterns of activation might account for progressing disability or cognitive impairment when compared to controls (Rocca et al., 2002b, 2010; Ciccarelli et al., 2006), to patients with benign MS (Rocca et al., 2010) or asymptomatic patients (Penner et al., 2003; Mainero et al., 2006).