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Congenital fusion of the thalami (atresia of the third ventricle) and associated anomalies in a 6 months old infant

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Summary

The case is reported of a 6 months old infant boy who had gradually increasing hydrocephalus since birth. Ventriculograms showed greatly dilated lateral ventricles and an apparent mass in the area of the third ventricle which failed to fill. Necropsy showed congenital atresia of the upper portion of the fourth ventricle, the entire aqueduct and the third ventricle. The two thalami were fused in the midline. No gliosis was present in the areas of ventricular and aqueductal occlusion. Microscopic clusters of ependymal cells, separated from each other by normal nervous tissue, indicated the region of obliterated ventricles and aqueduct. As further expressions of a tendency of nervous tissue fusion in the midline, the colliculi of the quadrigeminal plate were fused into one dorsal protuberance and the incisures separating the cerebellar hemispheres were absent. The dentate nuclei were also fused in the midline. An additional major anomaly was agenesis of the right lung.

The etiology of these malformations is unknown at present, but the changes in the brain, brain stem and cerebellum appear to be an exaggeration of the normal “closing in” of midline structures, such as the physiological narrowing of the large fetal aqueduct and the normal unification of the two lateral cerebellar primordia. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of congenital atresia of the third ventricle and fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres and dentate nuclei. The fused thalami created the rontgenological impression of a neoplasm of the third ventricle.

Zusammenfassung

Fallbericht über ein 6 Monate altes Kind, das seit Geburt einen progressiven Hydrocephalus bot. Die Ventrikulographie ergab starke Erweiterung der Seitenventrikel und eine verdächtige Masse im Bereich des nicht gefüllten 3. Ventrikels. Autoptisch fand sich eine kongenitale Atresie der rostralen Abschnitte des 4. Ventrikels, des gesamten Aquädukts und des 3. Ventrikels. Die beiden Thalami waren in der Mittellinie fusioniert. Im Bereich des ventrikulären und aquäduktalen Verschlusses bestand keine Gliose. Histologisch kennzeichnen Haufen von Ependymzellen, die voneinander durch normales Nervengewebe getrennt waren, die obliterierten Areale. Als weiterer Ausdruck der Fusionsneigung des Nervengewebes fand sich eine Vereinigung der Vierhügelplatte als einheitliche dorsale Vorwölbung, sowie Fehlen der Trennfurche der Kleinhirnhemisphären. Die Zahnkerne waren in der Mittellinie fusioniert. Als zusätzliche Anomalic bestand eine Agenesie der rechten Lunge.

Die Ätiologie dieser Fehlbildungen ist unbekannt, doch erscheinen die Veränderungen in Gehirn, Hirnstamm und Kleinhirn als Folgen eines übertriebenen normalen “Zusammenschlusses” der Mittellinienstrukturen, wie sie in der physiologischen Enge des großen fetalen Aquädukts sowie in der normalen Vereinigung der lateralen Kleinhirnbläschen auftreten. Es handelt sich um den ersten beobachteten Fall von kongenitaler Atresie des 3. Ventrikels mit Fusion der Kleinhirnhemisphären und der Zahnkerne. Die verklebten Thalami ergaben röntgenologisch den Eindruck eines Tumors des 3. Ventrikels.

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The authors express their gratitude for the helpful comments by Drs.F. A. Mettler andI. Yakovlev during the work up of this case

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Kepes, J.J., Clough, C. & Villanueva, A. Congenital fusion of the thalami (atresia of the third ventricle) and associated anomalies in a 6 months old infant. Acta Neuropathol 13, 97–104 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00686144

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00686144

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