Abstract
By means of a high resolution PET scanner, the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), cerebral blood volume (rCBV), oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF), and metabolic rate of oxygen (rCMRO2) for major cerebral gyri and deep brain structures were studied in eleven normal volunteers during an eye-covered and ear-unplugged resting condition. Regional CBF was measured by the auto-radiographic method after intravenous administration of H2 15O. Regional OEF and rCMRO2 were measured by the single inhalation of15O2. With MR T1-weighted images as an anatomical reference, thirteen major cerebral gyri, caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, thalamus, midbrain, pons, cerebellum and vermis were defined on the CMRO2 images. Values were read by using circular regions of interest 16 mm in diameter. The posterior part of the cingulate gyri had the highest rCBF and rCMRO2 values among brain structures, followed by the lentiform nucleus, the cerebellum, the caudate nucleus, and the thalamus. Parahippocampal gyri had the lowest rCBF and rCMRO2 values amongthe cortical gyri.RegionalOEFforthepontinenuclei (0.34 ± 0.04), the midbrain (0.35 ± 0.05), the parahippocampal gyri (0.35 ± 0.04 for the right and 0.37 ± 0.05 for the left), and the thalami (0.37 ± 0.05 for the right and 0.36 ± 0.04 for the left) were significantly lower than the mean OEF for the cerebral cortices (0.42 ± 0.04) (p < 0.05 or less). The global CBF and CMRO2 were consistent with those obtained by the Kety-Schmidt method. Although several limitations to the quantification derived from an inadequate spacial resolution remain unsolved, the performance of the present PET scanner and the method for the quantification employed provide regional estimates of brain circulation and oxygen metabolism more acurately than the PET system and the steady state method previously used.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Frackowiak RSJ, Lenzi GL, Jones T, Heather JD. Quantitative measurement of regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in man using15O and positron emission tomography: theory, procedure, and normal values.J Comput Assist Tomogr 4: 727–736, 1980.
Lammertsma AA, Wise RJS, Heather JD, Gibbs JM, Leenders KL, Frackowiak RSJ, et al. Correction for the presence of intravascular oxygen-15 in the steady state technique for measuring regional oxygen extraction ratio in the brain. 2. Results in normal subjects and brain tumor and stroke patients.J Cerebr Blood Flow Metab 3: 425–42A, 1983.
Lammertsuma AA, Correia JA, Jones T. Stability of arterial concentrations during continuous inhalation of C15O and15O2 and the effects on computed values of CBF and CMRO2.J Cerebr Blood Flow Metab 8: 411–417, 1988.
Pantano P, Baron JC, Lebrun-Grandie P, Duquesnoy N, Bousser MG, Comar D. Regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in human aging.Stroke 15: 635–641, 1984.
Yamaguchi T, Kanno I, Uemura K, Shishido F, Inugami A, Ogawa T, et al. Reduction in regional cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen during human aging.Stroke 17: 1220–1228, 1986.
Sasaki H, Kanno I, Murakami M, Shishido F, Uemura K. Tomographic mapping of kinetic rate constants in the fluorodeoxyglucose model using positron emission tomography.J Cerebr Blood Flow Metab 6: 447–454, 1986.
Hatazawa J, Itoh M, Ido T, Matsuzawa T, Watanuki S. Measurement of the ratio of cerebral oxygen consumption to glucose utilization by positron emission tomography: Its consistency with the values determined by the Kety-Schmidt method in normal volunteers.J Cerebr Blood Flow Metab 8: 426–432, 1988.
Leenders KL, Perani D, Lammertsma AA, Heather JD, Buckingham P, Healy MJR, et al. Cerebral blood flow, blood volume and oxygen utilization normal values and effect of age.Brain 113: 27–417, 1990.
Kety SS, Schmidt CF. The nitrous oxygen method for the quantitative determination of cerebral blood flow in man: theory, procedure and normal values.J Clinical Investigation 27: 476–483, 1948.
Lassen NA, Munck O. The cerebral blood flow in man determined by the use of radioactive krypton.Acta Physiol Scand 33: 30–49, 1955.
Meyer JS, Ishihara N, Deshmukh VD, Naritomi H, Sakai F, Hsu MC, et al. Improved method for noninvasive measurement of regional cerebral blood flow by133Xe Inhalation. Part 1: Description of method and normal values obtained in healthy volunteers.Stroke 9: 195–204, 1978.
Hoffman EJ, Huang SC, Phelps ME. Quantitation in positron emission computed tomography: 1. Effect of object size.J Comput Assist Tomogr 3: 299–308, 1979.
Herscovitch P, Markham J, Raichle ME. Brain blood flow measured with intravenous H2 15O. 1. Theory and error analysis.J Nucl Med 24: 782–789, 1983.
Raichle ME, Martin WRW, Herscovitch P, Mintun MA, Markham J. Brain blood flow measured with intravenous H2 15O. II. Implementation and validation.J Nucl Med 24: 790–798, 1983.
Mintun MA, Raichle ME, Martin WRW, Herscovitch P. Brain oxygen utilization measured with O-15 radiotracers and positron emission tomography.J Nucl Med 25: 177–187, 1984.
Iida H, Miura S, Kanno I, Murakami M, Yamamoto S, Amano M. Design and evaluation of HEADTOME IV, a new whole-body positron emission tomograph.IEEE Trans Nucl Sci NS-37: 1006–1010, 1989.
Iida H, Jones T, Miura S. Modeling approach to eliminate the need to separate arterial plasma in Oxygen-15 inhalation positron emission tomography.J Nucl Med 34: 1333–1340, 1993.
Iida H, Kanno I, Miura S, Murakami M, Takahashi K, Uemura K. A determination of the regional brain/blood partition coefficient of water using dynamic positron emission tomography.J Cerebr Blood Flow Metab 9: 874–885, 1989.
Duvernoy H.The Human Brain;Surface, Three-dimensional Sectional Anatomy and MRI. Wien, New York, Springer-Verlag, 1991.
Miller AKS, Alson RL, Corsellis J. Variation with age in the volume of grey and white matter in the cerebral hemispheres of man: measurement with an image analyzer.Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 6: 118–132, 1980.
Kanno I, Iida H, Miura S, Murakami M, Takahashi K, Sasaki H, et al. A system for cerebral blood flow measurement using an H2 15O autoradiographic method and positron emission tomography.J Cerebr Blood Flow Metab 7: 143–153, 1987.
Meyer E. Simultaneous correction for tracer arrival delay and dispersion in CBF measurements by the H2 15O autoradiographic method and dynamic PET.J Nucl Med 30: 1069–1078, 1989.
Kanno I, Miura S, Yamamoto S, Iida H, Murakami M, Takahashi K, et al. Design and evaluation of a positron emission tomograph: HEADTOME III.J Comput Assist Tomogr 9: 931–939, 1985.
Kanno I, Lammertsma AA, Heather JD, Gibbs JM, Rhodes CG, Clark JC, et al. Measurement of cerebral blood flow using bolus inhalation of C15O2 and positron emission tomography: description of method and its comparison with the C15O2 continuous inhalation method.J Cerebr Blood Flow Metab 4: 224–234, 1984.
Siesjo BK.Brain Energy Metabolism, Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Tronto, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 56–100, 1978.
Lassen NA. Normal average value of cerebral blood flow in younger adults is 50 ml/100 g/min.J Cerebr Blood Flow Metab 5: 347–349, 1985.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hatazawa, J., Fujita, H., Kanno, I. et al. Regional cerebral blood flow, blood volume, oxygen extraction fraction, and oxygen utilization rate in normal volunteers measured by the autoradiographic technique and the single breath inhalation method. Ann Nucl Med 9, 15–21 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03165003
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03165003