Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of the toxicity of onyx compared with n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate in the subarachnoid space of a rabbit model: an experimental research

  • Interventional Neuroradiology
  • Published:
Neuroradiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

The toxic effects of onyx, its solvent dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), and n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) were evaluated after infusion into the subaracnoid space of a rabbit model.

Methods

Each of the two various concentrations of onyx, pure DMSO, NBCA, and normal saline solution were percutaneously infused into the pontocerebellar cisternae of 39 domestic male albino rabbits, after which, the brain stems and medial cerebellar tissues were harvested for biochemical and histopathological studies.

Results

The specimens infused in various concentration of onyx, DMSO, and NBCA showed neural tissue necrosis and edema with inflammatory cell infitration in the acute stage. Although the mean values of the lipid peroxidase in the control, saline, and NBCA groups were found to be almost similar, they were found to be low in the onyx and DMSO groups.

Conclusion

This experimental study suggests that NBCA, and various concentrations of onyx and DMSO have toxic effects on the neural tissues of rabbits when infused into the subarachnoid space.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Akin ED, Perkins E, Ross IB (2003) Surgical handling characteristics of an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer compared with N-butyl cyanoacrylate used for embolization of vessels in an arteriovenous malformation resection model in swine. J Neurosurg 98:366–370

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bauwens D, Hantson P, Laterre PF, Michaux L, Latinne D, De Tourtchaninoff M, Cosnard G, Hernalsteen D (2005) Recurrent seizure and sustained encephalopathy associated with dimethylsulfoxide-preserved stem cell infusion. Leuk Lymphoma 46:1671–1674

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Brayton CF (1986) Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO): a review. Cornell Vet 76:61–90

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Brothers MF, Kaufmann JC, Fox AJ, Deveikis JP (1989) n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate–substitute for IBCA in interventional neuroradiology: histopathologic and polymerization time studies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 10:777–786

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Chaloupka JC, Huddle DC, Alderman J, Fink S, Hammond R, Vinters HV (1999) A reexamination of the angiotoxicity of superselective injection of DMSO in the swine rete embolization model. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20:401–410

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Chaloupka JC, Viñuela F, Vinters HV, Robert J (1994) Technical feasibility and histopathologic studies of ethylene vinyl copolymer (EVAL) using a swine endovascular embolization model. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 15:1107–1115

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Cil BE, Akmangit I, Arat A, Cekirge S, Saatçi I (2004) Endosaccular onyx injection and endovascular treatment with parent artery reconstruction technique in cerebral aneurysms. Tani Girisim Radyol 10:59–68

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Debrun GM, Aletich V, Ausman JI, Charbel F, Dujovny M (1997) Embolization of the nidus of brain arteriovenous malformations with n-butyl cyanoacrylate. Neurosurgery 40:112–121

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Duffner F, Ritz R, Bornemann A, Freudenstein D, Wiendl H, Siekmann R (2002) Combined therapy of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: histological differences between a non-adhesive liquid embolic agent and n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA). Clin Neuropathol 21:13–17

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Freeman BA, Crapo JD (1982) Biology of disease: free radicals and tissue injury. Lab Invest 47:412–426

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Gruber A, Mazal PR, Bavinzski G, Killer M, Budka H, Richling B (1996) Repermeation of partially embolized cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a clinical, radiologic, and histologic study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 17:1323–1331

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Iwama T, Yoshimura K, Keller E, Imhof HG, Khan N, Leblebicioglu-Könu D, Tanaka M, Valavanis A, Yonekawa Y (2003) Emergency craniotomy for intraparenchymal massive hematoma after embolization of supratentorial arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 53:1251–1260

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Jacob SW, Herschler R (1986) Pharmacology of DMSO. Cryobiology 23:14–27

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Jahan R, Murayama Y, Gobin YP, Duckwiler GR, Vinters HV, Viñuela F (2001) Embolization of arteriovenous malformations with onyx: clinicopathological experience in 23 patients. Neurosurgery 48:984–997

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Júnior AM, Arrais CA, Saboya R, Velasques RD, Junqueira PL, Dulley FL (2008) Neurotoxicity associated with dimethylsulfoxide-preserved hematopoietic progenitor cell infusion. Bone Marrow Transplant 41:95–96

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Kaye TS, Egorin MJ, Riggs CE Jr, Olman EA, Chou FT, Salcman M (1983) The plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of dimethyl sulfoxide in mice. Life Sci 33:1223–1230

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Kazekawa K, Iwata H, Shimozuru T, Sampei K, Sakaki N, Morikawa N, Matsuda S, Ikada Y (1997) Nontoxic embolic liquids for treatment of arteriovenous malformations. J Biomed Mater Res 38:79–86

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Komemushi A, Tanigawa N, Okuda H, Kojima H, Fuji H, Shomura M, Sougawa M, Sawada S (2002) A new liquid embolic material for liver tumors. Acta Radiol 43:186–191

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ledezma CJ, Hoh BL, Carter BS, Pryor JC, Putman CM, Ogilvy CS (2006) Complications of cerebral arteriovenous malformation embolization: multivariate analysis of predictive factors. Neurosurgery 58:602–611

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Levrier O, Mekkaoui C, Rolland PH, Murphy K, Cabrol P, Moulin G, Bartoli JM, Raybaud C (2003) Efficacy and low vascular toxicity of embolization with radical versus anionic polymerization of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA). An experimental study in the swine. J Neuroradiol 30:95–102

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Mihara M, Uchiyama M (1978) Determination of malonaldehyde precursor in tissues by thiobarbituric acid test. Anal Biochem 86:271–278

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Molyneux AJ, Cekirge S, Saatci I, Gál G (2004) Cerebral Aneurysm Multicenter European Onyx (CAMEO) trial: results of a prospective observational study in 20 European centers. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25:39–51

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Mottu F, Laurent A, Rufenacht DA, Doelker E (2000) Organic solvents for pharmaceutical parenterals and embolic liquids: a review of toxicity data. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 54:456–469

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Murayama Y, Viñuela F, Ulhoa A, Akiba Y, Duckwiler GR, Gobin YP, Vinters HV, Greff RJ (1998) Nonadhesive liquid embolic agent for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: preliminary histopathological studies in swine rete mirabile. Neurosurgery 43:1164–1175

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Nie NH, Hull CH, Jenkins JG (1975) SPSS: statistical package for social science. Mc Graw Hill Inc, New York

    Google Scholar 

  26. Sampei K, Hashimoto N, Kazekawa K, Tsukahara T, Iwata H, Takaichi S (1996) Histological changes in brain tissue and vasculature after intracarotid infusion of organic solvents in rats. Neuroradiology 38:291–294

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Shermak MA, Wong L, Inoue N, Crain BJ, Im MJ, Chao EY, Manson PN (1998) Fixation of the craniofacial skeleton with butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and its effects on histotoxicity and healing. Plast Reconstr Surg 102:309–318

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Suh DC, Kim KS, Lim SM, Shi HB, Choi CG, Lee HK, Seo DM (2003) Technical feasibility of embolizing aneurysms with glue (N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate): experimental study in rabbits. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:1532–1539

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Swanson BN (1985) Medical use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Rev Clin Basic Pharm 5:1–33

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS (1996) Using multivariate statistical. Hoper Collins Collage Publishers, New York

    Google Scholar 

  31. Taki W, Yonekawa Y, Iwata H, Uno A, Yamashita K, Amemiya H (1990) A new liquid material for embolization of arteriovenous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 11:163–168

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Vinters HV, Galil KA, Lundie MJ, Kaufmann JC (1985) The histotoxicity of cyanoacrylates. A selective review. Neuroradiology 27:279–291

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Wallace RC, Flom RA, Khayata MH, Dean BL, McKenzie J, Rand JC, Obuchowski NA, Zepp RC, Zabramski JM, Spetzler RF (1995) The safety and effectiveness of brain arteriovenous malformation embolization using acrylic and particles: the experiences of a single institution. Neurosurgery 37:606–618

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Windrum P, Morris TC (2003) Severe neurotoxicity because of dimethyl sulphoxide following peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 31:315

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Yamashita K, Taki W, Iwata H, Nakahara I, Nishi S, Sadato A, Matsumoto K, Kikuchi H (1994) Characteristics of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) mixtures. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 15:1103–1105

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of interest statement

We declare that we have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Kirikkale University, School of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey

    Bulent Bakar

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

    Hakan H. Oruckaptan & Burcu D. Hazer

  3. Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

    Isil Saatci

  4. Department of Histology and Embriology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

    Pergin Atilla & Sevda F. Muftuoglu

  5. Department of Biochemistry, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

    Kamer Kılıc

  6. Department of Neurosurgery, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, 71100, Kırıkkale, Turkey

    Bulent Bakar

Authors
  1. Bulent Bakar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hakan H. Oruckaptan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Burcu D. Hazer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Isil Saatci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Pergin Atilla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Kamer Kılıc
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Sevda F. Muftuoglu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bulent Bakar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bakar, B., Oruckaptan, H.H., Hazer, B.D. et al. Evaluation of the toxicity of onyx compared with n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate in the subarachnoid space of a rabbit model: an experimental research. Neuroradiology 52, 125–134 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-009-0594-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-009-0594-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation