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Embryology and anatomical variations of the ophthalmic artery

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Abstract

Purpose

The ophthalmic artery (OA) has one of the most complex anatomy and the most fascinating embryological development.

Methods

The complexity of the embryologic development of the OA resides in the implication of three different embryological systems: the carotid system, the stapedial system, and the ventral pharyngeal system.

Results

This explains very well the numerous variations in origin of the OA and the importance of vascular anastomoses developed with branches of the external carotid artery and with the middle meningeal artery.

Conclusion

In this review, authors propose a comprehensive description of different hypotheses on the embryologic development of the OA and, in a second part, explain all anatomical variations and clinical implications of this artery.

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Abbreviations

ACA:

Anterior cerebral artery

BA:

Basilar artery

CS:

Cavernous sinus

ECA:

External carotid artery

ICA:

Internal carotid artery

ILT:

Infero-lateral trunk

MCA:

Middle cerebral artery

MMA:

Middle meningeal artery

OA:

Ophthalmic artery

PComA:

Posterior communicating artery

PDOA:

Primitive dorsal ophthalmic artery

POA:

Primitive ophthalmic artery

PVOA:

Primitive ventral ophthalmic artery

SOF:

Superior orbital fissure

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  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Neurocenter of the Southern Switzerland, Via Tesserete 46, CH-6903, Lugano, Switzerland

    Sara Bonasia & Thomas Robert

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Michel Bojanowski

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  1. Sara Bonasia
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Bonasia, S., Bojanowski, M. & Robert, T. Embryology and anatomical variations of the ophthalmic artery. Neuroradiology 62, 139–152 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-019-02336-4

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