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The distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor-producing cells in clinical radiation necrosis of the brain: pathological consideration of their potential roles

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Abstract

The cell type and localization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-producing cells in human radiation necrosis (RN) are investigated from a histopathological and immunohistochemical standpoint using clinical specimens. Eighteen surgical specimens of symptomatic RN in the brain were retrospectively reviewed. These cases included different original histological tumor types and were treated with different radiation modalities. Histological analyses were performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and anti-VEGF and anti-hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α immunohistochemistry. H&E staining showed marked angiogenesis and reactive astrocytosis at the perinecrotic area. The most prominent vasculature in this area was identified as telangiectasis. Immunohistochemistry indicated that HIF-1α was expressed predominantly in the perinecrotic area and that a large majority of VEGF-expressing cells were reactive astrocytes intensively distributed in this area. VEGF produced by the reactive astrocytes localized mainly in the perinecrotic area might be a major cause of both angiogenesis and the subsequent perilesional edema typically found in RN of the brain. The benefits of anti-VEGF antibody (bevacizumab) treatment in RN may be that VEGF secretion from the perinecrotic tissue is inhibited and that surgery would remove this tissue; both of these benefits result in effective reduction of edema associated with RN.

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Acknowledgments

The first two authors contributed equally to this work. This work was partly supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (16390422 and 19390385) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology to S.-I.M. This work was also supported in part by the Takeda Science Foundation for Osaka Medical College and in part by a grant from the OMC Science Frontier Program for the Promotion of Research in Osaka Medical College to S.-I.M. We appreciate the help of Dr. Shingo Takano, Department of Neurosurgery, Tsukuba University, for providing information on immunohistochemistry of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; and the help of Hiroko Kuwabara, Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical College, for fruitful discussion on the histological findings of the pathological specimens.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan

    Naosuke Nonoguchi, Shin-Ichi Miyatake, Motomasa Furuse, Ryo Hiramatsu, Shinji Kawabata & Toshihiko Kuroiwa

  2. Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    Motoi Fukumoto & Manabu Fukumoto

  3. Department of Clinical Pathology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan

    Motomu Tsuji

  4. Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Japan

    Koji Ono

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  1. Naosuke Nonoguchi
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Correspondence to Shin-Ichi Miyatake.

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Nonoguchi, N., Miyatake, SI., Fukumoto, M. et al. The distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor-producing cells in clinical radiation necrosis of the brain: pathological consideration of their potential roles. J Neurooncol 105, 423–431 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-011-0610-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-011-0610-9

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