Abstract
HIV causes neural dysfunction in infected individuals. This dysfunction often manifests as cognitive symptoms and can be detected using neuroimaging. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), in addition to providing virologic control, has reduced the number of profoundly impaired individuals but more mild forms of neurocognitive disorders remains prevalent. A potential confound in previous studies of HIV-associated cognitive dysfunction is that HAART may be neurotoxic. Thus, observed effects, attributed to HIV, may be in part due to HAART. It is unclear whether and to what extent current medications contribute to observed brain dysfunction. We studied changes in functional connectivity and cerebral blood flow in HIV uninfected (HIV–) individuals before and after being given two common antiretroviral medications: efavirenz and ritonavir. Neither drug was associated with significant changes in functional connectivity or cerebral blood flow. Our results suggests that previous changes in functional connectivity and cerebral blood flow in HIV infected individuals receiving HAART may largely due to the virus and remaining reservoirs and less due to toxic action of these anti-retroviral medications.
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Acknowledgments
Supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01DA14211 (EK), R01DA25931 (EK), K24-DA00417 (EK), R01NR012657 (BMA), R01NR012907 (BMA), R01NR014449 (BMA), and R21MH099979 (BMA). Funding was also provided by the Alzheimer’s Association NIRP-12-257747 (BMA). The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Brier, M.R., Wu, Q., Tanenbaum, A.B. et al. Effect of HAART on Brain Organization and Function in HIV-Negative Subjects. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 10, 517–521 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-015-9634-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-015-9634-9