Abstract
Purpose of review
Volumetric analysis of brain imaging has emerged as a standard approach used in clinical research, e.g., in the field of multiple sclerosis (MS), but its application in individual disease course monitoring is still hampered by biological and technical limitations. This review summarizes novel developments in volumetric imaging on the road towards clinical application to eventually monitor treatment response in patients with MS.
Recent findings
In addition to the assessment of whole-brain volume changes, recent work was focused on the volumetry of specific compartments and substructures of the central nervous system (CNS) in MS. This included volumetric imaging of the deep brain structures and of the spinal cord white and gray matter. Volume changes of the latter indeed independently correlate with clinical outcome measures especially in progressive MS. Ultrahigh field MRI and quantitative MRI added to this trend by providing a better visualization of small compartments on highly resolving MR images as well as microstructural information.
Summary
New developments in volumetric imaging have the potential to improve sensitivity as well as specificity in detecting and hence monitoring disease-related CNS volume changes in MS.
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References and Recommended Reading
Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance, •• Of major importance
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Acknowledgments
Seven Tesla MRI images were created at the Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max- Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine and NeuroCure, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany in collaboration with Prof. Thoralf Niendorf and Prof. Friedemann Paul.
The spinal cord AMIRA image was contributed by Dr. Matthias Weigel and Prof. Oliver Bieri, Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, CH.
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Cristina Granziera and Regina Schlaeger each declare no conflict of interest.
Tim Sinnecker is an employee at the MIAC AG in Basel, Switzerland.
Jens Wuerfel is CEO of the MIAC AG in Basel, Switzerland and is on the scientific advisory board of Biogen, Novartis, and Roche.
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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.
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Sinnecker, T., Granziera, C., Wuerfel, J. et al. Future Brain and Spinal Cord Volumetric Imaging in the Clinic for Monitoring Treatment Response in MS. Curr Treat Options Neurol 20, 17 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-018-0504-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-018-0504-7