Research paperChemical composition and physical state of lipid deposits in atherosclerosis
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2020, AtherosclerosisCitation Excerpt :In advanced human atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages also accumulate large excessive amounts of FC [4,30], which contributes to lesion instability [31]. In spite that FC accumulation and acidification of the intimal fluid are common features in inflammatory advanced atherosclerotic plaques [4,28], the potential modulation of the cholesterol-esterifying enzyme ACAT1 in macrophages by a low extracellular pH has remained unexplored. Here we report that ACAT1 activity rapidly declines at low pH and that a decrease in the intracellular pH of macrophages incubated in an acidic environment contributes to a potentially toxic accumulation of FC during foam cell formation.
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2017, PhotoacousticsCitation Excerpt :Of these hallmarks, lipid accumulation has been shown to be the most frequently observed precondition of a plaque rupture [5]. The majority of lipids present in an atherosclerotic plaque are free cholesterol and its esterified form [6]. Cholesterol found in early atherosclerotic lesions participates the formation of macrophage foam cells, while crystalline cholesterol is thought to induce plaque rupture by physical disruption of the fibrous cap [7].