Brain phosphorous metabolism in depressive disorders detected by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy
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2021, IBRO Neuroscience ReportsAltered brain creatine cycle metabolites in bipolar I disorder with childhood abuse: A <sup>1</sup>H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
2021, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :PCr stores in the cytosol serve as an energy reserve and changes in its level may result in alterations in the main cellular energy source: adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (Fig. 3). In magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies, PCr (Kato et al., 1992; Kato et al., 1994; Kato et al., 1995; Dudley et al., 2016), ATP (Dudley et al., 2016) and total creatine (Cr + PCr) (Cecil et al., 2003; Sassi et al., 2005; Caetano et al., 2011) have been reported to be decreased in the frontal lobe of BD subjects. Our results demonstrated that PCr was increased and Cr/PCr decreased in the ACC of BD patients who had experienced severe physical or sexual abuse, differing from the literature data investigating BD, but not addressing CA.
Mitochondrial dysfunction as a critical event in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder
2021, MitochondrionCitation Excerpt :Over the past several decades, researchers have highlighted the role of this organelle in the pathophysiology of BD. A series of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and phosphorus-31 MRS (31P-MRS) studies, Kato and colleagues have shown that patients with BD exhibited alterations in neurometabolites, including high-energy compounds, all of which are hallmarks of a decrease in mitochondrial energy production (Kato, 2005; Kato et al., 1998, 1992, 1994). In summary, patients with mood disorders present with lower levels of phosphocreatine (PCr), N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and ATP (Kato et al., 1992; Scaini et al., 2016).