Applications of magnetic resonance imaging to the study of human brain function

https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-4388(95)80031-XGet rights and content

Abstract

Important questions relating to the coupling of local neuronal activity to the hemodynamic response measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), as well as issues concerning imaging sequence, paradigm design and data analysis processing, have been addressed during the past year. Initial fMRI studies identified visual, somatosensory, auditory and motor activation areas in the primary cortices. Current ‘second generation’ studies aim to identify changes in the fMRI signal associated with specific tasks and stimulus parameters. Dynamic aspects of brain processing for performing higher order cognitive functions, such as language, attention, mental imagery, and learning and memory, have also been explored.

References (71)

  • MS Cohen et al.

    Localization of brain function using magnetic resonance imaging

    Trends Neurosci

    (1994)
  • KR Thulborn et al.

    Oxygenation dependence of the transverse relaxation time of water protons in whole blood at high field

    Biochim Biophys Acta

    (1982)
  • JW Prichard et al.

    Functional study of the brain by NMR

    J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

    (1994)
  • MK Stehling et al.

    Echo-planar imaging: magnetic resonance imaging in a fraction of a second

    Science

    (1991)
  • JW Belliveau et al.

    Functional mapping of the human visual cortex by magnetic resonance imaging

    Science

    (1991)
  • DS Williams et al.

    Magnetic resonance imaging of perfusion using spin inversion of arterial water

    Proc Natl Acad Sci USA

    (1992)
  • PT Fox et al.

    Focal physiological uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism during somatosensory stimulation in human subjects

    Proc Natl Acad Sci USA

    (1986)
  • DA Roberts et al.

    Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of human brain perfusion at 1.5 T using steady-state inversion of arterial water

    Proc Natl Acad Sci USA

    (1994)
  • RR Edelman et al.

    Qualitative mapping of cerebral blood flow and functional localization with echo-planar MR imaging and signal targeting with alternating radio frequency

    Radiology

    (1994)
  • J Prichard et al.

    Lactate rise detected by 1H-NMR in human visual cortex during physiologic stimulation

    Proc Natl Acad Sci USa

    (1991)
  • KK Kwong et al.

    Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation

    Proc Natl Acad Sci USA

    (1992)
  • PA Bandettini et al.

    Time course EPI of human brain function during task activation

    Magn Reson Med

    (1992)
  • S Ogawa et al.

    Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation — functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging

    Proc Natl Acad Sci USA

    (1992)
  • L Pauling et al.

    The magnetic properties and structure of hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin and carbon monoxyhemoglobin

    Proc Natl Acad Sci USA

    (1936)
  • R Turner et al.

    Functional mapping of the human visual cortex at 4 tesla and 1.5 tesla using deoxygenation contrast EPI

    Magn Reson Med

    (1993)
  • S Ogawa et al.

    Functional brain mapping by blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast magnetic resonance imaging. A comparison of signal characteristics with a biophysical model

    Biophys J

    (1993)
  • RP Kennan et al.

    Intravascular susceptibility contrast mechanisms in tissues

    Magn Reson Med

    (1994)
  • R Weisskoff et al.

    Microscopic susceptibility variation and transverse relaxation: theory and experiment

    Magn Reson Med

    (1994)
  • C Fisel et al.

    MR contrast due to microscopically heterogeneous magnetic susceptibility: numerical simulations and applications to cerebral physiology

    Magn Reson Med

    (1991)
  • R Turner et al.

    Echoplanar time course of MRI of cat brain deoxygenation changes

    Magn Reson Med

    (1991)
  • P Jezzard et al.

    Comparison of EPI gradient-echo contrast changes in cat brain caused by respiratory challenges with direct simultaneous spectrophotometric evaluation of cerebral oxygenation via a cranial window

    NMR Biomed

    (1994)
  • J Frahm et al.

    Dynamic MR imaging of human brain oxygenation during rest and photic stimulation

    J Magn Reson Imaging

    (1992)
  • RS Menon et al.

    4 tesla gradient recalled echo characteristics of photic stimulation-induced signal changes in the human primary visual cortex

    Magn Reson Med

    (1993)
  • X Hu et al.

    A new T2*-weighting technique for magnetic resonance imaging

    Magn Reson Med

    (1993)
  • S Lai et al.

    Identification of vascular structures as a major source of signal contrast in high resolution 2D and 3D functional activation imaging of the motor cortex at 1.5T: preliminary results

    Magn Reson Med

    (1993)
  • CM Segebarth et al.

    Functional MRI of the human brain: predominance of signals from extracerebral veins

    Neuroreport

    (1994)
  • SG Kim et al.

    Functional imaging of human motor cortex at high magnetic field

    J Neurophysiol

    (1993)
  • RD Frostig et al.

    Cortical functional architecture and local coupling between neuronal activity and the microcirculation revealed by in vivo high-resolution optical imaging of intrinsic signals

    Proc Natl Acad Sci USA

    (1990)
  • A Blamire et al.

    Dynamic mapping of the human visual cortex by high-speed magnetic resonance imaging

    Proc Natl Acad Sci USA

    (1992)
  • JV Hajnal et al.

    Artifacts due to stimulus correlated motion in functional imaging of the brain

    Magn Reson Med

    (1994)
  • X Hu et al.

    Reduction of signal fluctuation in functional MRI using navigator echoes

    Magn Reson Med

    (1994)
  • KJ Friston et al.

    Analysis of functional MRI time-series

    Human Brain Mapping

    (1994)
  • PA Bandettini et al.

    Processing strategies for time-course data sets in functional MRI of the human brain

    Magn Reson Med

    (1993)
  • W Schneider et al.

    Functional topographic mapping of the cortical ribbon in human vision with conventional MRI scanners

    Nature

    (1993)
  • JR Binder et al.

    Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human auditory cortex

    Ann Neurol

    (1994)
  • Cited by (39)

    • Surgical resection of gliomas in 2008

      2008, Cancer/Radiotherapie
    View all citing articles on Scopus
    View full text